Divergent States

Magic mushrooms may have one of the strangest histories of any psychedelic. They have been connected to prehistoric Europeans, Druids, Vikings, ancient mystery cults, shamans, witches, and even Santa Claus.

But how much of that history can we actually prove?

In the first installment of our History of Psychedelics series, we sit down with Andy Letcher, author of Shroom: A Cultural History of the Magic Mushroom, to separate the documented history of psilocybin mushrooms from the mythology that has grown around them.

We trace the story from Indigenous mushroom use in Mesoamerica and the Spanish colonial record through María Sabina and Gordon Wasson, the isolation of psilocybin by Albert Hofmann, Timothy Leary and the Harvard Psilocybin Project, and Terence and Dennis McKenna's role in bringing mushroom cultivation into the psychedelic underground.

Along the way, we examine why Western culture once understood psychedelic mushrooms largely as poisonous fungi, how modern science helped create the modern idea of the "magic mushroom," and how something once associated with Indigenous healing became a recreational drug, countercultural sacrament, therapeutic tool, and increasingly commercial product.

More importantly, we ask a question psychedelic culture does not always like asking:

Where does the actual history end and the mythology begin?

Andy also joins us for an extended Patreon conversation about Santa Claus and Amanita mythology, scientific-sounding psychedelic myths, integration culture, microdosing, and whether mushroom people are, in fact, weird.

10 Key Points

• The ancient European mushroom story is much less certain than popular culture suggests. Psychedelic mushroom use by Druids, prehistoric Europeans, or people at Stonehenge is possible, but direct evidence is extremely limited.
• Presentism creates a major problem when interpreting psychedelic history. Modern categories like religion, medicine, recreation, and spirituality may not map neatly onto how people in earlier cultures understood psychoactive substances.
• The evidence for mushroom use in Mesoamerica is considerably stronger. Colonial accounts, Indigenous sources, archaeological material, and later documented use can be compared to build a much more substantial historical case.
• Colonial records still have to be treated critically. Spanish observers frequently interpreted Indigenous mushroom practices through Christian ideas about idolatry, demons, and heresy.
• Western attitudes toward fungi shaped how psychedelic mushrooms were understood. For centuries, unusual effects from mushrooms were generally interpreted as poisoning rather than as a distinct psychoactive experience.
• María Sabina became central to the modern Western mushroom story, but at enormous personal cost. Gordon Wasson's encounter with the Mazatec curandera helped introduce magic mushrooms to a global audience while dramatically disrupting Sabina's life and community.
• Modern science helped create the modern magic mushroom. Roger Heim's cultivation work and Albert Hofmann's isolation and synthesis of psilocybin and psilocin made controlled psychedelic research possible on a new scale.
• Timothy Leary began with legitimate scientific questions before psychedelic enthusiasm overtook some of the rigor. Early work focused on personality change, alcoholism, recidivism, and psychology, but some of the larger claims surrounding psychedelics did not survive later scrutiny.
• Terence and Dennis McKenna may have changed mushroom culture most profoundly through cultivation. Their work helped make reliable home cultivation possible while Terence also elevated mushrooms from the status of "poor man's LSD" into something culturally distinct.
• The modern history of mushrooms is also a history of commodification and reenchantment. Magic mushrooms moved from Indigenous healing traditions into underground cultivation, commercial products, therapeutic research, and psychedelic industry while continuing to offer people an experience they often describe as reconnecting them with an enchanted or living world.

Music is She Just Wanna - [Drip]

Chapter Markers

00:17 — The Strange History of Magic Mushrooms
01:57 — Introducing the History of Psychedelics
04:40 — How Far Back Can We Actually Prove Mushroom Use?
09:46 — Presentism: Projecting Modern Beliefs onto the Past
12:04 — Mesoamerica and the Strongest Historical Evidence
15:49 — Spanish Colonial Accounts and Biased Sources
19:24 — How the West Rediscovered Magic Mushrooms
26:56 — María Sabina and Gordon Wasson
31:57 — Religion, Healing, and Western Categories
33:38 — What Responsibility Did Wasson Carry?
35:30 — How Modern Science Made the Modern Magic Mushroom
40:29 — Timothy Leary and the Harvard Psilocybin Project
45:13 — Terence and Dennis McKenna Change Mushroom Culture
49:34 — McKenna, Mythmaking, and Questionable History
51:55 — From Sacred Mushroom to Commercial Product
53:54 — Mushrooms and the Reenchantment of the Modern World
57:47 — Closing Thoughts and Patreon Preview

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

What evidence should justify placing a psychedelic substance in Schedule I, and what happens to research when those restrictions take effect?

Attorney Robert T. Rush joins 3L1T3 and Bryan to discuss the DEA’s proposal to schedule five tryptamines: 4-OH-DiPT, 5-MeO-AMT, 5-MeO-MiPT, 5-MeO-DET, and DiPT.

Rush explains his objections to the government’s evidence, the potential consequences for researchers, and his work defending cognitive liberty. We also revisit the disputed use of Reddit posts in the separate DOI/DOC proceedings and discuss how public comments and hearing requests work.

This Special Report is available in full publicly and on Patreon.

Participate before October 23, 2026

Submit a public comment:
Official comment form on Regulations.gov

Electronic comments close October 23 at 11:59 p.m. Eastern / 10:59 p.m. Central. Reference Docket No. DEA1715. Comments become part of the public record.

Request a hearing:
Official notice and filing instructions

A hearing request is a separate filing, not a submission through the comment form. Interested persons must explain their interest, objections, and position. Requests must be received by October 23 and sent to:

Drug Enforcement Administration
Attn: Administrator
8701 Morrissette Drive
Springfield, VA 22152

Read the notice for full requirements and courtesy-copy instructions.

Researchers interested in participating

Rush is seeking researchers, including students, whose work with these compounds could be affected.

• Rights and Reason Project
• Robert Rush’s law practice
• Email: rrush@rrushlaw.com

Chapters:

00:00 Introduction
04:48 Robert Rush and the Rights and Reason Project
06:18 The DEA’s Proposal and Schedule I
09:11 Research Consequences
11:20 Reddit Posts as Evidence
13:56 The Rulemaking and Hearing Process
16:22 Examining the Government’s Evidence
19:29 Safety Claims and Poison-Center Data
23:04 The DOI/DOC Hearing and Online Reports
30:16 Research Barriers Under Schedule I
35:22 Drug Development and Regulatory Concerns
39:08 Reforming the Controlled Substances Act
40:43 Community Questions: Enforcement and Researchers
44:22 Rush’s Account of the DOI Proceedings
47:59 How to Participate Before October 23
49:44 Comments Versus Hearing Requests
51:20 Researchers Wanted for the Challenge
52:47 Final Takeaway and Judicial Review
54:37 Where to Find Robert Rush
57:34 Closing Discussion and Listener Resources

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

When a psychedelic experience feels profoundly true, does that mean it actually tells us something true?

Danny Forde, author of Phenomenology of Psychedelic Experiences, joins Divergent States to explore what happens when we take psychedelic experience seriously as an experience rather than reducing it entirely to brain activity or hallucination.

We start with phenomenology itself: what it means to examine consciousness from the standpoint of experience, and why psychedelics may offer an unusually revealing way to study perception, time, selfhood, and the relationship between the self and the world.

From there, the conversation moves through mystical experience, ineffability, ego dissolution, the minimal self, and the difference between something merely feeling true and actually revealing something about reality.

Danny introduces his argument for psychedelic realism: the possibility that while parts of the psychedelic experience are clearly hallucinatory, other aspects may disclose genuine features of consciousness and the mind-independent world. No alternate dimensions or machine elves required. Reality is already weird enough.

In the extended Patreon conversation, we push further into the hardest parts of that argument: the ground of being, naturalism, the “comforting delusion” objection, culturally independent psychedelic insights, and the surprisingly difficult philosophical claim behind the psychedelic cliché that “everything is love.”

Featuring music, “Vibin’” by [Drip].

KEY POINTS

• Phenomenology starts with experience and asks how perception, thought, time, selfhood, and the world appear to consciousness.
• Psychedelic experience does not have to be treated as something completely separate from ordinary human experience.
• Neuroscience can describe what the brain and body are doing without necessarily explaining what an experience is like from the inside.
• Psychedelic experiences can meet William James’s criteria for mystical experience: ineffability, noetic quality, passivity, and transiency.
• Feeling that something is profoundly true does not automatically mean that it is true.
• Danny distinguishes between the complete self, the narrative ego, and the minimal self or bare subjectivity that remains during experience.
• “Ego death” may be better understood as a temporary disruption of the narrative ego rather than the complete disappearance of self.
• Calling the entire psychedelic experience a hallucination may be inadequate, even if specific visual phenomena clearly are hallucinatory.
• Psychedelic realism argues that psychedelics may disclose genuine features of consciousness, selfhood, and reality without requiring supernatural dimensions.
• In the extended conversation, Danny explores the ground of being, the comforting delusion objection, culturally independent insights, and the philosophical idea that “everything is love.”

CHAPTER MARKERS

00:00 - The Psychedelic Truth Problem
01:09 - Introducing Phenomenology
02:39 - Making Philosophy Practical
05:19 - Danny Ford and His Book
05:59 - What Is Phenomenology?
08:34 - Psychedelics as Human Experience
09:56 - Intentionality and Consciousness
11:22 - Studying the Structure of Experience
12:34 - Why Phenomenology Fits Psychedelic Research
14:49 - The Experience That Led to Philosophy
17:52 - Psychedelics and the Limits of Language
19:48 - Neuroscience Versus Lived Experience
21:45 - What Makes an Experience Mystical?
22:22 - William James’ Four Marks of Mystical Experience
25:00 - Monk Versus TV Dinner
29:16 - Felt Truth Versus Actual Truth
32:36 - Ego-Free Seeing
33:25 - Self, Ego, and Minimal Self
36:27 - What Remains After Ego Dissolution?
38:19 - Time, Individuality, and the Ego
40:00 - Why “Hallucination” Is Inadequate
41:58 - Defining Psychedelic Realism
43:18 - Can Psychedelics Reveal Objective Truth?
46:17 - What Danny Wants Readers to Take Away
47:48 - Finding Danny Ford’s Work
52:13 - The Questions That Remain
54:31 - Brian’s Take on Psychedelic Realism
55:46 - A Middle Ground Between Certainty and Dismissal
56:24 - The Extended Patreon Conversation

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

What if one of the biggest things missing from the modern psychedelic conversation isn't another drug, therapy, or clinical protocol, but community?

In this episode of Divergent States, 3L1T3 sits down with Mike Margolies of the Global Psychedelic Society, a worldwide network connecting hundreds of local psychedelic communities.

They explore what community can provide that a clinic can't, and why problems like isolation, addiction, depression, and trauma can't always be understood solely at the level of the individual. Mike lays out a vision of psychedelic communities where education, preparation, peer support, integration, and relationships with experienced peers and elders form part of a larger social ecosystem.

But community isn't automatically healthy.

The conversation turns to the harder questions: How do psychedelic communities prevent themselves from becoming echo chambers? What happens when facilitators or leaders abuse their power? How do you create accountability without immediately resorting to public shaming or cancellation? And how do community organizations remain financially sustainable without becoming sales funnels for therapists, facilitators, entrepreneurs, or spiritual teachers?

They also discuss the Global Psychedelic Society's decentralized model, the challenges facing local societies, ethical monetization, Zendo-style peer support, and what psychedelic communities could look like in a post-prohibition future.

In the extended Patreon edition: Mike sticks around for a looser conversation about recreational psychedelic use, tripping at concerts, why psychedelic culture sometimes takes itself way too seriously, the "high holy hippies," and what his ultimate no-responsibility psychedelic experience would look like.

Divergent States is independent, long-form conversation about psychedelics without the hype, gurus, or easy answers.

Key Points

1. Psychedelic societies create spaces for education, integration, peer support, and community outside of clinical or ceremonial settings.

2. The Global Psychedelic Society connects hundreds of independent local communities rather than operating them as centralized chapters.

3. Many problems treated as individual mental health issues may also reflect larger problems of isolation, culture, and social systems.

4. Healthy psychedelic communities can provide support before, during, and after psychedelic experiences through trusted peers, elders, preparation, and integration.

5. Community isn't inherently positive. Abuse of power, ego, bad information, and group reinforcement can turn communities into unhealthy echo chambers.

6. Accountability requires learning how to have difficult conversations, including knowing when to call someone in, when to call them out, and when stronger action is necessary.

7. Local autonomy allows psychedelic societies to adapt to different cultures, laws, and community needs while still learning from a larger global network.

8. Sustainable psychedelic communities need ethical ways to fund their work without treating money or monetization as inherently corrupt.

9. Psychedelic organizations have to navigate conflicts of interest and prevent community spaces from becoming sales funnels for facilitators, therapists, spiritual teachers, or businesses.

10. The future of psychedelic community could include sustainable local organizations, permanent community spaces, better-trained leaders, and stronger connections between psychedelic societies around the world.

Music is Grotto by Flintwick

00:00 Community Without the Echo Chamber
07:08 Meet Mike Margolies
09:13 The Origins of the Global Psychedelic Society
14:19 What Community Can Provide That Clinics Can’t
18:04 Are We Medicalizing Social Problems?
20:48 What Does a Healthy Psychedelic Community Look Like?
23:06 Power, Ego, and Unhealthy Communities
25:26 Accountability Without Cancel Culture
32:04 How the Global Psychedelic Society Works
38:15 Sustainability, Volunteers, and Monetization
41:28 Balancing Local Autonomy and Accountability
44:31 When Community Becomes a Sales Funnel
46:56 Zendo Project and Psychedelic Peer Support
50:45 The Future of the Global Psychedelic Society
54:41 Finding or Starting a Local Psychedelic Society
56:09 What Psychedelic Culture Needs to Change
57:40 Extended Edition Preview
01:01:29 Bryan and Lee: What Makes a Healthy Community?
01:06:23 Closing Thoughts

Check out:

https://globalpsychedelic.org/

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

There’s a big difference between having a psychedelic experience and actually doing something with it.

Jonathan Schecter, host of Vital Point: Pathways to Integration and founder of Pathways Integration, joins us to talk about what happens after the breakthrough. Drawing from his own experiences with psychedelics, meditation, Buddhism, breathwork, somatic practices, and integration coaching, Jonathan explores the gap between having an insight and actually changing your life.

We talk about why the biggest psychedelic experience is not necessarily the most useful one, the role of trauma and nervous system regulation, when psychedelic insights should be questioned rather than followed, and Jonathan’s distinction between “portals” and “pathways”: the dramatic experiences that can suddenly move us somewhere new versus the slower, less exciting work of learning how to live there.

Because eventually the trip ends. You go home. Your relationships, habits, job, and problems are still waiting for you. The question is whether anything actually changed.

In the extended Patreon conversation, we go further into the uncomfortable side of psychedelic integration: whether integration itself is becoming a product, whether some people would be better served by stepping away from psychedelic culture entirely, the medicalization of psychedelics, and why the obsession with heroic doses may sometimes get in the way of the work.

• Insight is not integration. A profound realization during a psychedelic experience does not automatically translate into lasting behavioral change.
• The trip is only part of the process. Preparation and what happens afterward can matter as much as the altered-state experience itself.
• Jonathan’s own path began recreationally. Psychedelic experiences eventually forced him to confront his marriage, relationship with his father, drinking, and the direction of his life.
• Meditation became a long-term pathway. Jonathan discusses more than two decades of Buddhist practice, including time spent living and practicing in Tibet.
• Integration should not mean someone interpreting your experience for you. Jonathan sees the facilitator’s role as supporting people while allowing them to determine what their experiences mean.
• Trauma changed the way he approaches psychedelic work. His own experience with shock trauma led to a greater emphasis on somatic practices, nervous-system regulation, and caution around intense altered states.
• Not every psychedelic insight should be acted upon. Sometimes the best response to a seemingly profound revelation is to wait and see whether it still makes sense months later.
• Portals and pathways serve different purposes. Psychedelics can create dramatic leaps or “portals,” while practices such as meditation, breathwork, and everyday behavioral changes provide slower and more reliable pathways.
• Integration is often repetition, not revelation. “Chop wood, carry water” becomes a central theme: lasting change often appears in ordinary relationships, habits, health, and daily decisions rather than another peak experience.
• Psychedelic culture deserves skepticism too. The extended conversation challenges heroic-dose culture, the commercialization of integration, the assumption that everyone needs psychedelics, and the idea that healing can simply be purchased.

Music by Dyl👽Alien - Gaian Radio Transmissions

Chapters:

00:00 – Insight vs. Integration
02:35 – Introducing Jonathan Schechter
05:28 – From Recreation to Intentional Psychedelic Work
09:25 – Meditation, Buddhism, and a Life-Changing Loss
13:19 – When Insight Doesn’t Become Change
17:04 – Becoming an Integration Facilitator
19:23 – Stan Grof, Breathwork, and Altered States
23:09 – The Problem With Gurus and Psychedelic Authority
27:24 – Trauma and the Myth of the “Bad Trip”
28:53 – What Does Integration Actually Mean?
33:28 – Should We Challenge Psychedelic Insights?
35:11 – Slow Down Before Making Life Decisions
38:17 – Portals vs. Pathways
41:18 – Repetition vs. Revelation
44:42 – Coming Home to Yourself
46:41 – What Actually Creates Lasting Change?
49:07 – Jonathan’s Work and Pathways to Integration
49:57 – Extended Conversation Preview
54:06 – Bryan’s Take on the Interview
55:51 – Why the Work Afterward Matters
57:04 – Patreon, Zendo, and Closing

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

What can psychedelics offer when the question is no longer “Who am I becoming?” but “What do I do with the life I’ve already lived?”

Abbie Rosner, author of Psychedelics and the Counterculture of Aging, joins 3L1T3 and Bryan for a grounded conversation about psychedelic use among older adults and the possibility of reimagining later life as a period of healing, meaning, creativity, intimacy, and renewed purpose.

Drawing on conversations with 36 older psychonauts, Abbie discusses how maturity and life experience can change a psychedelic journey. They explore psilocybin and aging, mortality and the fear of death, unresolved trauma and shame, grief, spirituality, cognitive liberty, community, and what it means to consciously become an elder.

The conversation also examines the practical realities often missing from discussions about psychedelics and seniors: medication interactions, heart health, medical screening, choosing a trustworthy facilitator, underground ceremonies, state-regulated psilocybin programs, commercialization, informed consent, and the limits of current research.

Abbie also shares her vision for Elder Vision Circles, communities where older adults could prepare, journey, integrate, and support one another through the challenges of aging.

This is not a conversation about finding a fountain of youth. It is about confronting mortality without surrendering curiosity, connection, or the right to explore your own mind.

This episode is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Psychedelics carry psychological, physical, legal, and social risks, particularly for older adults managing medications or existing health conditions.

• Psychedelic use among older adults is not simply nostalgia or an attempt to relive the 1960s.
• Maturity, therapy, meditation, loss, and accumulated life experience can fundamentally change a person’s relationship with altered states.
• Psychedelics may help older adults examine mortality before they are actively approaching the end of life.
• Later-life journeys can create opportunities to process grief, childhood trauma, shame, regret, and relationships that have remained unresolved for decades.
• Several older adults Abbie interviewed described their later years as the happiest and most authentic period of their lives.
• Conscious elderhood reframes aging as a stage of growth, creativity, activism, service, intimacy, and community rather than inevitable decline.
• Older adults face specific risks involving prescription medications, cardiovascular health, medical conditions, mobility, and psychological vulnerability.
• Trust, screening, preparation, and integration are essential when selecting a psychedelic facilitator or ceremonial setting.
• The distinction between psychedelic therapy, wellness, spirituality, and ordinary human meaning is often much less clear than institutions suggest.
• Abbie’s proposed Elder Vision Circles would combine education, community service, psychedelic preparation, group experience, and long-term integration.

Music by Dyl👽Alien - Four Twenty Three

Chapters

00:00 – Why Psychedelic Culture Overlooks Older Adults

02:36 – Aging, Harm Reduction, and Today’s Guest

06:17 – Abbie Rosner Joins the Conversation

06:24 – Returning to Psychedelics Later in Life

09:23 – Why Wait Until Death’s Door?

10:18 – 36 Older Psychonauts and a New Counterculture

13:44 – Psychedelics After 65 and the Questions of Later Life

17:23 – Maturity, Intention, and Conscious Elderhood

20:44 – Psychedelics and the Fear of Aging

24:27 – Letting Go, Mortality, and Living in the Present

28:22 – Love, Shame, and Reclaiming Life at 70

32:03 – Medical Risks, Medications, and Facilitator Screening

36:34 – Legal Access, Underground Ceremonies, and Commercialization

42:37 – Psychedelic Therapy Versus Psychedelic Wellness

45:26 – Integration and Becoming a Better Elder

47:12 – Alzheimer’s, Consent, and Ethical Limits

49:48 – Advice for Psychedelic-Curious Older Adults

51:17 – Reimagining the Meaning of Old Age

53:30 – Public Episode Close and Patreon Preview

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Machan Taylor has spent a lifetime using her voice. As a singer, songwriter, performer, and author of Naked Out Loud, she has worked with artists including Pink Floyd, Pat Benatar, George Benson, Hiroshima, Foreigner, and more. But this conversation is not about the glamorous parts of a music career.

It is about memory, trauma, identity, and the parts of ourselves we leave behind.

Machan joins 3L1T3 and Bryan for a grounded conversation about her memoir, her childhood in Japan, the grief of leaving her grandmother and first home behind, and the MDMA-assisted therapy session that helped her reconnect with the little girl she had carried inside for decades.

Together, they discuss what psychedelic therapy can reveal, why integration matters, how performance can become both protection and belonging, and what it means to stop being defined by an old wound without erasing the story that shaped you.

No hype. No miracle claims. Just a deeply human conversation about music, memory, healing, and the courage to be naked out loud.

Music by Sndbagz - Days Gone

Key Points:

• Machan Taylor discusses why she opened Naked Out Loud with MDMA-assisted therapy instead of her work with major artists.
• She describes the childhood trauma of leaving Japan, her grandmother, and her first sense of home behind.
• The conversation explores the whale image from her MDMA session as a guide back into memory and grief.
• Machan explains how MDMA therapy helped her emotionally understand pain she had only intellectually known before.
• The episode looks at trauma as an “operating system” that can quietly shape identity, belonging, and self-worth.
• Machan talks about the difference between changing the facts of a story and changing one’s relationship to those facts.
• The discussion emphasizes integration as the essential work after psychedelic-assisted therapy.
• Machan reflects on performance, applause, imposter syndrome, and the way music became both healing and protection.
• The Patreon section goes deeper into what actually happens inside a guided MDMA therapy session.
• The episode keeps a harm-reduction frame: psychedelic therapy can be powerful, but it is not casual, simple, or one-and-done.

Chapters

00:00 Cold Open: The Journey Back
01:42 Introducing Machon Taylor
05:28 From Pink Floyd to Personal Healing
07:19 Why Begin the Book with MDMA?
09:23 The Whale That Led Her Home
14:12 MDMA Therapy and Childhood Trauma
19:42 The Body Keeps the Score
22:09 Going Deeper Than Talk Therapy
27:06 The Meaning of the Whale
29:09 Speaking to the Child Left Behind
31:40 Your Story Without Being Defined by It
34:36 Trauma as an Operating System
40:31 Performing, Identity, and Belonging
43:13 Healing the Younger Self
46:25 Naked Out Loud and Human Vulnerability
49:02 It's Never Too Late to Heal
50:37 Where to Find Machon's Book
51:34 Patreon Preview & Zendo Project
54:39 Post-Interview Reflections

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

What actually happens when a psychedelic experience becomes overwhelming in the middle of a concert, festival, or crowded event?

3L1T3 and Bryan sit down with Case Newsom, emergency medicine physician and medical director of the Zendo Project, to explore the practical art of psychedelic peer support. Case explains why helping someone through a difficult trip often means resisting the urge to take control, offering simple choices, and creating enough safety for the experience to unfold.

They also discuss Zendo’s integration with medical and security teams at Red Rocks, why emergency rooms can intensify psychedelic distress, and how compassionate on-site care can prevent unnecessary restraint, sedation, and hospitalization. Case shares how one major Denver event went from 54 hospital transports to 17 after psychedelic peer support was embedded alongside medical services.

The conversation expands beyond festivals into the larger need for harm reduction, community support, and psychedelic literacy as these substances become increasingly accessible.

Disclosure: 3L1T3 and Bryan are Zendo Project Ambassadors. They are volunteers, not employees, but may receive financial benefit when listeners use the code DIVERGENTS10 for eligible Zendo Project training programs.

Learn more at https://ZendoProject.org.

Key Points

• What psychedelic peer support looks like in practice
• The difference between supporting an experience and trying to control it
• Why presence can be more helpful than offering solutions
• How Zendo combines peer support with medical triage
• Bringing psychedelic harm reduction into Red Rocks
• Working alongside security, EMTs, and venue staff
• How on-site support can reduce unnecessary hospital transports
• Why emergency rooms can intensify psychedelic distress
• The importance of consent and non-directive language
• Supporting someone whose friends have abandoned or overwhelmed them
• The difference between a difficult trip and a traumatic experience
• Why integration and follow-up support matter
• Building safer systems for underground psychedelic use
• How this work changed Case’s own relationship with psychedelics

Music is Hourglass Hustlin' - Flintwick

00:00:00 A Difficult Trip at Red Rocks
00:01:45 What Psychedelic Peer Support Looks Like
00:03:20 Zendo Disclosure
00:05:19 Meet Case Newsom
00:06:55 From Emergency Medicine to Zendo
00:11:08 The Origins of the Zendo Project
00:13:25 Supporting Without Directing
00:16:28 Learning How to Be Present
00:17:11 Receiving Peer Support
00:19:07 Resisting the Urge to Fix
00:20:32 Choices Instead of Control
00:23:19 The Mushroom Tent Story
00:25:39 Bringing Zendo to Red Rocks
00:27:04 Building Peer Support Into First Aid
00:29:26 Security, Medical, and Psychological Safety
00:30:24 Reducing Ambulance Transports
00:33:13 Why the ER Can Make Trips Worse
00:36:01 Stigma, Authority, and Trust
00:39:06 Creating Connection in a Crisis
00:42:41 The Gaps in Psychedelic Harm Reduction
00:46:33 Underground Communities and Safety
00:48:46 The Future of Zendo
00:53:06 Why Venues Need Peer Support
00:54:28 How Presence Prevents Panic
00:58:01 Closing the Public Interview
01:00:08 Episode Outro

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Dori Lewis is a psychotherapist, clinical supervisor, Natural Medicine Facilitator, and Co-Founder of Elemental Psychedelics. She also owns Reflective Healing Center, one of Colorado's licensed psychedelic healing centers.

As psychedelic therapy moves from the underground into legal clinics and state-regulated systems, a difficult question emerges: what actually makes someone qualified to guide another person through a psychedelic experience?

In this conversation, we explore the gap between licensing and competency, facilitator ethics, psychedelic training, integration, commercialization, spiritual authority, and the challenges of scaling psychedelic care without losing the human element that makes it effective.

We also discuss Colorado's natural medicine program, the role of personal psychedelic experience in facilitator training, the risks of "guru culture," and why Dori believes psychedelics are powerful tools—but not magic bullets.

In the Patreon integration segment, we go deeper into awe, mystery, institutionalization, underground versus clinical models, and what the psychedelic movement may still be unwilling to admit about itself.

Music is Barefoot - Flintwick

Key Points

• Colorado's legal psychedelic facilitation model
• What a facilitator license does—and doesn't—guarantee
• The difference between enthusiasm and readiness
• Why integration matters more than most people realize
• The "guru complex" in psychedelic culture
• Facilitator ethics and unconscious projection
• Licensing vs competency
• Commercialization and accessibility challenges
• Why psychedelic therapy remains expensive
• Insurance, legalization, and barriers to care
• Mysticism, awe, and psychedelic experiences
• The future of psychedelic care in the United States
• Why psychedelics are not a magic bullet

Chapters

00:00:00 Who Should Be Allowed to Facilitate Psychedelic Experiences?
00:04:05 Meet Dori Lewis
00:04:12 From Psychonaut to Psychotherapist
00:06:01 Set, Setting, and the Ethics of Facilitation
00:09:01 Enthusiasm vs. Readiness to Facilitate
00:10:26 Building a Relationship with Psilocybin
00:14:39 Integration and the Psychedelic Guru Complex
00:17:14 What a Colorado Facilitator License Actually Guarantees
00:20:33 Common Mistakes New Facilitators Make
00:23:40 Projection, Accountability, and Ethical Repair
00:27:29 Institutional Blind Spots in Psychedelic Therapy
00:29:47 Quiet Ethical Failures vs. Obvious Misconduct
00:32:28 Romanticizing Boundaries and Difficult Experiences
00:35:26 Preventing the Accidental Guru
00:36:50 Can Psychedelic Care Scale Ethically?
00:43:28 Accessibility and Reasons for Hope
00:45:06 What Should Survive from Underground Psychedelic Culture?
00:46:37 Public Episode Wrap-Up and Patreon Preview
00:50:39 Final Takeaways with 3L1T3 and Bryan
00:52:55 Closing and Resources

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Former NFL player and College Football Hall of Famer Robert Gallery joins Divergent States for one of the most raw conversations we’ve had on the show.

After retiring from professional football, Robert began experiencing intense rage episodes, suicidal thoughts, emotional instability, brain fog, and severe PTSD-like symptoms linked to repeated head trauma and brain injury from years in the NFL.

What followed wasn’t a clean or simple recovery story.

We talk about identity loss after professional sports, invisible brain injuries, emotional dysregulation, alcoholism, suicide ideation, veterans and athletes sharing similar trauma patterns, and why psychedelic-assisted therapy — particularly Ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT — became a turning point in his life.

This episode isn’t really about “getting high.” It’s about what happens when the system fails, your brain changes, and you’re left trying to figure out who you are afterward.

We also discuss:

• The psychological cost of repeated head trauma
• Rage responses and emotional volatility
• PTSD similarities between veterans and athletes
• The dangers of untreated brain injury
• Why Robert nearly gave up hope
• Ibogaine therapy and psychedelic-assisted recovery
• Integration, routine, meditation, and rebuilding identity
• Athletes For Care and helping other athletes find treatment

Patreon members get access to the extended Integration Session, where we discuss the risks of Ibogaine, safety concerns, treatment settings, and broader conversations around psychedelic therapy and harm reduction.

If the public episode is the trip, the Patreon edition is the integration.

Music is by [Drip] - Mr. Postman

https://athletesforcare.org/

Chapters:

00:00 Intro – When Brain Injury Changes Who You Are
01:05 Why Football Trauma Is More Than Physical
03:41 Robert Gallery Joins the Show
04:05 Life After Football & Losing Identity
05:43 Rage, Anxiety & Early Warning Signs
07:51 Realizing Something Was Seriously Wrong
09:25 Athletes, Veterans & PTSD Parallels
10:57 Repetitive Head Trauma & The Cost of Football
12:10 The Brain Scan That Changed Everything
13:43 Suicide Ideation, Shame & Hopelessness
15:12 Suffering in Silence
16:22 Asking for Help
17:07 Why Vulnerability Saved His Life
18:15 Discovering Ibogaine Through Veterans
18:50 What Rage Actually Felt Like
21:12 Was It Really Him—or Brain Injury?
22:45 Trying Conventional Treatments First
25:12 Running Out of Options
25:39 Finding Hope in Ibogaine
28:07 The Decision to Go to Mexico
30:21 The Ibogaine Experience
33:39 5-MeO-DMT & "Turning the Lights Back On"
35:54 Coming Home Changed
38:01 Why Healing Isn't One and Done
39:28 Returning for a Second Treatment
41:23 Growth vs Survival
42:50 Building a New Life Through Routine
43:57 Athletes For Care
46:23 Public Episode Outro
48:28 Integration Session Intro
48:42 Misdiagnosis, Trauma & Identity
50:05 Anger, Trauma & Nearly Losing Control
50:40 Neuroplasticity & Recovery
51:16 Support the Show

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Dennis Walker joins Divergent States to unpack how psychedelic stories actually become “news,” why sensationalism dominates drug coverage, and how media narratives shape public perception around psychedelics.

We discuss psychedelic exceptionalism, corporate psychedelics, satire as social critique, harm reduction, underground culture, MAPS, FDA approval, clinical gatekeeping, psychedelic tourism, and the growing divide between real-world psychedelic use and institutional messaging.

Dennis is a journalist, satirist, and creator of Mycopreneur, known for blending humor, gonzo journalism, and cultural criticism to explore the psychedelic ecosystem from angles most outlets avoid.

Topics:

• Why bad drug stories spread faster
• Psychedelic journalism and narrative control
• Corporate psychedelics vs underground culture
• Why satire works in psychedelic spaces
• FDA approval and clinical gatekeeping
• Psychedelic tourism and ethics
• The “good drug / bad drug” double standard
• MAPS, media narratives, and psychedelic exceptionalism

Check out Dennis' work at https://www.mycopreneur.com/

Patreon supporters get the extended Integration Session and early access to episodes:
https://patreon.com/divergentstates

Music by Sandbgz

Chapters:

00:00 – Why Psychedelic Narratives Matter
04:38 – Dennis Walker on Satire, Psychedelics & Media
08:11 – When Psychedelics Became Politics & Money
10:56 – How Drug Narratives Shape Public Opinion
15:27 – Why Satire Works Better Than Lectures
18:07 – Why Negative Drug Stories Dominate Headlines
23:32 – Good Drugs vs Bad Drugs in Media Coverage
28:26 – The Push Toward Clinical-Only Psychedelic Use
34:02 – Who Controls Psychedelic Journalism?
37:19 – The Missing Voices in Psychedelic Media
42:13 – Field Reporting, Community & Psychedelic Culture
46:16 – Social Media, Framing & Manufactured Narratives
50:26 – Building a Healthier Psychedelic Culture
55:00 – Patreon Integration Session Transition
58:13 – Final Reflections & Why These Conversations Matter
01:00:40 – Outro

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Psychedelics don’t fix your life.

They don’t make you a better person. They don’t replace responsibility. And they don’t solve the problems waiting for you when you come back.

In this episode, we sit down with Talia Eisenberg from Beond to talk about what actually happens after a powerful psychedelic experience—especially with ibogaine. What changes, what doesn’t, and why the hardest part is often what comes after.

We get into:

• why insight isn’t the same as change
• what people misunderstand about “healing”
• the unglamorous reality of recovery and integration
• why some people aren’t ready for these experiences
• and what it really takes to make those changes stick

This isn’t a conversation about breakthroughs or peak experiences.

It’s about what holds up when the experience ends.

🎧 Music:
Hyperspace — Sndbagz

🎙️ Divergent States is a podcast exploring psychedelics without the hype—focused on harm reduction, integration, and what actually works in the real world.

Chapters:

00:00 – Psychedelics Don’t Fix Your Life
01:17 – Harm Reduction Matters (Zendo Project)
03:08 – Meet Talia Eisenberg (Ibogaine & Recovery)
04:05 – What Psychedelics Don’t Fix
06:32 – Agency, Accountability, and Hard Truths
07:35 – Addiction, Ibogaine, and Starting Over
10:04 – Life After the Trip: Real Change
11:25 – Optimization vs Avoidance
13:26 – Psychedelics Don’t Replace Responsibility
14:39 – Spiritual Bypassing (Ketamine, MDMA, Psilocybin)
17:11 – Why Ibogaine Forces Honesty
20:07 – Escaping vs Doing the Work
20:59 – Do Psychedelics Delay Change?
22:33 – Who Struggles Most After Psychedelics
24:08 – The “Reset” Myth
26:19 – What Actually Changes After Ibogaine
30:05 – What Doesn’t Change
31:41 – The Comedown: Emotional Whiplash
34:00 – Healthy Discomfort vs Avoidance
36:58 – Struggle Isn’t Failure
38:48 – Power, Clinics, and Psychedelic Ethics
44:19 – Red Flags: Gurus, Clinics, and Safety
47:36 – You Don’t Need Ibogaine
48:58 – What We Cut (Patreon Preview)
52:20 – Final Thoughts + Support the Show

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

If one or two psychedelic sessions can produce measurable improvements in treatment-resistant depression, why does modern psychiatry still rely on daily medication?

In this episode of Divergent States, we sit down with Dr. Steve Levine, psychiatrist and Chief Patient Officer at Compass Pathways, to break down their newly released Phase 3 clinical trial results for COMP360 psilocybin therapy.

But this isn’t a hype piece.

This is a critical look at what the data actually shows—and what people might be getting wrong.

We explore:
– What Phase 3 trials really mean (and why they often fail)
– Why a “3.8 point improvement” is more significant than it sounds
– The difference between clinical psilocybin therapy and underground use
– Why one or two sessions may work—but not for everyone
– The role of neuroplasticity, subjective experience, and “set & setting”
– Why scaling psychedelic therapy is harder than it looks
– The tension between commercialization and psychedelic culture
– What FDA approval would—and wouldn’t—change

Compass Pathways has now run over 1,000 participants across Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, showing statistically significant results in treatment-resistant depression. But translating that into real-world treatment is a completely different challenge.

This conversation pulls back the curtain on what it actually takes to turn psychedelics into medicine—and where the limitations still are.

Because this show isn’t about psychedelics being amazing.

It’s about understanding what’s true… and what holds up under scrutiny.

🎧 Subscribe to Divergent States for grounded, skeptical conversations in psychedelic science, culture, and harm reduction.

💬 Join the community Discord via r/Psychonaut (link in subreddit)

🎶 Music:
Elemental by [Drip]

⚠️ This podcast is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.

Chapters:

00:00 If Psychedelics Work, Why Daily Medication?
01:15 Why This Isn’t a “Psychedelics Are Amazing” Episode
04:00 From Daily Pills to 1–2 Treatments
06:45 Why Ketamine Wasn’t the Breakthrough
09:25 What Phase 3 Trials Actually Prove (And Don’t)
12:50 What Regulators Are Really Looking For
14:25 What a “3.8 Score Improvement” Actually Means
15:55 Psychedelic Hype vs Reality
18:30 What Actually Stood Out in the Data
21:40 Why Psychedelics Work Faster
24:55 Is the Experience Part of the Treatment?
25:45 Why Set and Setting Still Matter
30:10 Will This Ever Be At-Home?
33:00 Why Therapists Don’t “Do Therapy” Here
34:40 The Real Problem: Scaling Access
39:00 Commercialization vs Psychedelic Culture
43:00 What Are the Actual Risks?
45:10 What Success Looks Like in 10 Years
47:10 Why Access Matters More Than Approval
49:50 Why This Fails in the Real World
52:10 Outro + Patreon Integration Session

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

This is the human center of The Many Faces of Coca.

By the time coca enters Western conversations, it’s already been abstracted—reduced to policy, drugs, or crime. But for millions of people, coca isn’t any of those things.

It’s daily life.

In this final episode of the series, we speak with political theorist and anthropologist Manuela Picq, who has lived and worked alongside communities in the Andes and Amazon. This conversation moves beyond theory and into lived reality—how coca functions as food, medicine, memory, and community.

We explore:

– Why coca is not cocaine—and why that distinction matters
– How prohibition reshapes entire communities
– The generational loss of cultural knowledge
– The role of women as keepers of coca traditions
– How global policy decisions impact real lives on the ground
– Why the war on coca may actually be a war on people

If Parts 1 and 2 explored the science and history of coca, this episode asks a deeper question:

What does it mean to live with this plant today?

This is Part 3 of The Many Faces of Coca
Featuring conversations with Wade Davis, Dennis McKenna, and Manuela Picq

Chapters:

00:00 Intro – Coca as Lived Reality (Not Policy)
04:05 Who Defines Coca? (Culture vs Western Narratives)
09:51 How Coca Became Criminalized
13:22 Coca in Daily Life (Food, Medicine, Community)
18:02 From Tradition to Cash Crop
22:19 Who Pays the Price? (Violence & Exploitation)
25:45 Prohibition, Capitalism & the Drug War
28:35 Women, Knowledge & Hidden Traditions
33:37 Is Coca Control Really About Power?
36:32 The UN, Policy & Global Disconnect
40:09 What the World Gets Wrong About Coca
41:15 Closing Thoughts (End of Interview)
43:07 Post-Conversation Reflection (Why This Series Matters)
45:31 Where to Go Next (Series, Patreon, Discord)

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

The Many Faces of Coca – Part Two

In Part Two of the Many Faces of Coca series, 3L1T3 and Bryan sit down with renowned ethnopharmacologist Dennis McKenna to explore the science behind the coca leaf.

Part One focused on history and politics with Wade Davis, this conversation turns to the biology and chemistry of the plant itself.

What actually happens when coca is chewed?
What compounds exist in the leaf besides cocaine?
Why did human cultures independently domesticate coca multiple times?

Dennis breaks down the alkaloid chemistry, pharmacology, and plant symbiosis that shaped coca’s role in Andean societies for thousands of years.

Along the way, the conversation explores:

• The three coca species used by humans
• Why coca and cocaine are chemically and culturally different
• The entourage effect of whole plant medicines
• How alkaline activation changes coca absorption
• Why coca chewing may help treat cocaine addiction
• The scientific questions prohibition has prevented researchers from asking

The result is a clearer picture of a plant that has been misunderstood for over a century.

This episode is Part Two of a three-part series examining coca from history, chemistry, and lived experience.

Part Three will explore how coca prohibition shapes real life in Andean communities with Manuela Picq.

Key Points

• Coca comes from three main domesticated species in the genus Erythroxylum.
• The coca leaf contains multiple alkaloids, not just cocaine.
• Cocaine is only one compound within a larger phytochemical matrix in the leaf.
• Traditional coca chewing uses alkaline substances to increase alkaloid absorption.
• Whole plant use produces a broader entourage effect compared to isolated cocaine.
• Indigenous cultures independently domesticated coca multiple times across South America.
• Coca may help high-altitude populations adapt through increased energy, nutrition, and appetite suppression.
• Cocaine acts primarily as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor in the brain.
• Some evidence suggests chewing coca may help people transition away from cocaine dependence

Chapters:

00:00 – What Is Coca? The Question That Starts Everything
00:44 – Major Psilocybin News: Compass Pathways Phase 3 Results
04:28 – The Many Faces of Coca Series (Part 2 Introduction)
07:36 – Dennis McKenna Joins the Conversation
08:09 – Coca vs Cocaine: The Botanical Reality
15:06 – Why Humans Domesticated Coca
18:23 – Why Humans Seek Altered States of Consciousness
26:06 – What’s Actually Inside the Coca Leaf?
31:31 – Why Coca Is Not the Same as Cocaine
36:48 – Is Coca Addictive? The Science Explained
42:23 – The Medical Potential of Coca
48:41 – Why Drug Laws Block Scientific Research
55:25 – What We Learned From the Chemistry of Coca
59:33 – The War on Drugs and the Economics of Coca
01:00:42 – Next Episode: The Human Cost of Prohibition

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

In Part One of The Many Faces of Coca, 3L1T3 and Bryan sit down with Wade Davis to unpack the long history of the coca leaf and how a plant used for over 8,000 years became globally criminalized.

This conversation isn’t about cocaine. It’s about coca.

Wade walks us through:

• How coca was independently domesticated multiple times in pre-Columbian South America
• Why early 20th-century elites blamed coca for poverty instead of confronting inequality
• The 1949 UN commission that arrived with its conclusions already written
• The nutritional research that challenged decades of ideology
• How the modern international scheduling framework still treats coca as if it were fentanyl or heroin
• Why the recent WHO review maintained the status quo — and what that means

We also explore the deeper cultural reality: coca as ritual exchange, spiritual alignment, social glue, and daily sustenance in the Andes.

This episode lays the foundation for the series.
Next, we move into the ethnobiology with Dennis McKenna.
Then we examine sovereignty and lived realities with Manuela Picq.

If you’ve ever wondered why coca gets ignored while other plant medicines dominate Western discourse, this is where we start pulling that thread.

This isn’t nostalgia.
It’s about policy, ideology, and whether a plant can be separated from the story told about it.

Key Points

• Coca has been used for over 8,000 years in the Andes, distinct from cocaine.
• Cocaine is an extracted alkaloid; the leaf itself functions very differently.
• Coca was independently domesticated three times in pre-Columbian South America.
• The leaf contains significant nutritional value (calcium, vitamins, protein) and aids digestion at altitude.
• Early 20th-century elites blamed coca for poverty and social issues instead of structural inequality.
• The 1949 UN commission formed conclusions before conducting meaningful investigation.
• The 1961 UN drug scheduling framework still reflects that early ideological bias.
• Coca plays a central spiritual and social role in Andean cultures (ritual exchange, prayer, daily labor).
• Prohibition has fueled violence, displacement, and environmental harm in coca-growing regions.
• The core policy question is political, not pharmacological: can coca be separated from cocaine in law and narrative?

Chapters

00:00 – 8,000 Years of Coca
04:19 – What Is Coca?
08:22 – Traditional Use & Preparation
14:36 – The 1949 UN Commission
23:10 – Drug War Consequences
29:23 – Coca as Cultural Foundation
33:40 – Why There’s No Public Constituency
43:35 – Coca vs Cocaine Extraction
46:00 – DEA, Cartels & Prohibition Incentives
50:47 – If You Remember One Thing
53:10 – Reflection & Series Preview

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Iboga has a reputation.

It’s intense. It’s long. It carries real risk. And for some people, it’s life-changing.

But what actually happens inside a retreat container? And what does this work look like behind the scenes?

In this episode of Divergent States, 3L1T3 and Bryan sit down with Paije West and Fletcher Burdick, founders of ETEREO, an iboga retreat center in Baja, Mexico. Their approach sits somewhere between medical oversight and traditional ceremony, which opens up some thoughtful questions about safety, responsibility, integration, and how we talk about powerful medicines without turning them into mythology.

This isn’t a hype piece.

It’s a grounded conversation about:

• The difference between iboga and ibogaine
• Cardiac risk and how they screen for it
• Why they sometimes say “no”
• What ceremony actually does (beyond aesthetics)
• Whether luxury retreat settings help or distract
• Why integration matters more than most people think
• And whether the field might be moving a little too fast

We talk about neuroplasticity, structure vs freedom, tradition vs extraction, and what’s still unknown about iboga.

If you’re curious about the medicine — or about how people try to hold it responsibly — this one’s worth your time.

The extended, more personal segment continues on Patreon.

Chapter Markers

00:00 – Introducing Bryan & Why This Conversation Matters
02:00 – Framing the Episode: No Miracle Claims
03:15 – What ETEREO Is (In Plain Language)
07:00 – What an Iboga Retreat Looks Like
11:20 – Iboga vs Ibogaine
14:30 – Ceremony: Structure, Not Symbolism
16:30 – Neuroplasticity & Set and Setting
17:40 – Who Iboga Is Not For
21:30 – Safety & Medical Screening
24:30 – Small Groups vs High-Volume Clinics
25:30 – “Conscious Luxury” — Does It Help?
29:00 – Stepping Away from the Real World
30:00 – Why Integration Is Everything
32:00 – Relational Healing
35:00 – Why They Don’t Track Outcomes Like Clinics
36:10 – Incentives & Avoiding Extraction
39:10 – Is the Field Moving Too Fast?
40:00 – What We Still Don’t Know About Iboga
41:30 – Final Reflections
42:00 – Patreon Segment Tease
44:50 – Closing Thoughts

🎧 Extended version available on Patreon
🎓 Zendo Project peer-support training: use code DIVERGENTS10

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

What happens when a 25-year career at CNN ends — and a new life begins?

In this episode of Divergent States, we talk with Cesar Marin, former CNN producer and founder of Microdosing Over 50, about how psychedelics helped him navigate midlife, identity loss, and personal reinvention.

Cesar shares his journey from broadcast media to becoming an advocate for intentional microdosing later in life. We explore the difference between microdosing for healing vs optimization, how intention shapes outcomes, and why people over 50 face unique integration challenges.

We also discuss:
• Microdosing psilocybin vs LSD
• Career loss and psychedelic-driven reinvention
• Presence, connection, and integration practices
• How media shapes psychedelic narratives
• Why midlife may be the most powerful time for change
• Healing vs performance framing in psychedelic use
• Stigma, legality, and education
• Building a mission-driven life after burnout

This conversation is about more than substances — it’s about agency, curiosity, and what happens when you stop outsourcing your meaning.

🎧 Extended version available on Patreon
🎓 Zendo Project peer-support training: use code DIVERGENTS10
🧠 For listeners interested in microdosing, midlife transitions, and psychedelic culture

https://cultivatingwisdom.net/

⏱️ Chapter Markers

00:00 – Introduction & Cesar’s background
01:45 – 25 years at CNN and getting laid off
04:30 – Discovering psychedelics at 55
06:40 – Cultivating Wisdom & microdosing over 50
10:15 – Loss, grief, and mission-driven work
13:10 – What shifted personally
17:45 – Early doubts and first psychedelic experience
22:23 – Fun vs healing: why people stay
22:41 – How media shaped his psychedelic voice
26:13 – Bad headlines and stigma
28:26 – Why storytelling matters
29:18 – Midlife fear and reinvention
32:12 – “It’s not almost over — it’s just starting”
33:18 – Integration for older adults
37:55 – Meditation, presence, and connection
39:13 – Healing vs optimization
43:45 – Microdosing LSD vs psilocybin
46:36 – Psychedelic commercialization
47:47 – Public episode wrap-up
48:31 – Post-interview reflections
50:05 – Bryan’s takeaway
52:11 – Healing vs optimization framing
54:17 – Outro & Patreon plug

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

What really happens when psychedelics change someone, and why do some people come back grounded while others spiral into ego, conspiracy, or spiritual bypassing?

In this long-form conversation, comedian and science-minded psychonaut Shane Mauss joins Divergent States for a deep dive into what psychedelics do to the human mind beneath the mystical language. Drawing on neuroscience, cognitive bias, evolutionary psychology, and lived psychedelic experience, Shane explains how substances like LSD, mushrooms, and DMT increase mental plasticity, loosen rigid categories, and open the brain to new ways of thinking — for better and for worse.

Together, we explore why altered states can lead to creativity, healing, and insight, but also why they can just as easily fuel delusion, conspiracy thinking, and inflated ego. We talk about the placebo effect, Dunning-Kruger, belief formation, and how access to infinite information can make people feel like they know everything while understanding very little. Shane also shares candid stories from inside the psychedelic comedy world, including how Tales From the Trip was secretly launched at Comedy Central, why he’s uneasy about the current psychedelic “gold rush,” and how mainstream acceptance has changed the culture.

This episode isn’t about chasing cosmic secrets or mystical narratives. It’s about how the mind actually works — and how psychedelics can either help us become more open, curious, and flexible, or lock us deeper into fantasy if we don’t know how to think critically about what we experience.

If you care about psychedelics, consciousness, and staying grounded in reality while exploring extraordinary states, this conversation is for you.

Shane's new special comes out 2/18 on ShaneMauss.com!

Special thanks to Drip who did the music, check him out on Spotify and Soundcloud!

00:00 — Season 2 Opening
04:18 — From Stand-Up to Science
07:40 — Creating Psychedelic Theater
11:40 — Why Psychedelic Comedy Was Taboo
14:50 — Tales From the Trip Origin Story
19:20 — Why He Doesn’t Feel Like a Regular Comic
23:40 — Comedy as Tension and Truth
34:00 — George Carlin and Big-Idea Comedy
38:20 — Psychedelics Going Mainstream
41:00 — Skeptical Psychonauts
45:20 — Seeing the Dark Side of the Scene
47:45 — Psychedelics, Categorization, and the Brain
51:30 — The Crunchy-to-Conservative Pipeline
54:00 — Dunning-Kruger and Illusions of Knowledge
57:10 — Why Science Is Counterintuitive
01:02:40 — Why These Conversations Matter

Send us Fan Mail

Love the podcast? Help keep the conversations going by checking out our official merch shop! We've got t-shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, stickers, and more, with new designs added regularly.

Every purchase helps support independent, honest conversations about psychedelics, science, and culture.

Shop now: https://divergent-states-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod

Season Two of Divergent States is about something simple and surprisingly rare: exploring altered states without losing touch with reality.

In this preview episode, 3L1T3 and Bryan share two short moments from upcoming conversations that define the tone of the season ahead.

In the first, Shane Mauss reflects on how psychedelics open people to awe—but also to certainty, conspiracies, and belief systems that can replace reality if no one pushes back. In the second, Cesar Marin explains why presence and human connection are the real work of integration, not endless chasing of peak experiences.

Together, these moments capture what Divergent States has always tried to do: hold space for wonder without drifting into delusion, depth without losing grounding, and exploration rooted in real human connection.

Patreon supporters get extended versions of these conversations, including sections that don’t survive algorithm-friendly edits. But this preview is here for everyone—because harm reduction, presence, and honest conversation shouldn’t be paywalled.

Welcome to Season Two.

Chapters

00:00 – Welcome back & season context
Introducing Season Two and why this year matters.

00:28 – What Divergent States actually is
What the show is: harm reduction, not hype or spiritual theater.

01:05 – Shane Mauss: Awe, science, and belief systems
The “ghost crocodile” and microscope analogy.

04:49 – Why psychedelics create both insight and delusion
Reflections on pattern-seeking and certainty in psychedelic spaces.

05:20 – Cesar Marin: Presence as integration
Connection, mushrooms, and staying grounded in real life.

07:17 – The power of daily human connection
Kids, texts, meditation, and showing up.

08:55 – What Divergent States is really about
Awe without delusion; depth without losing touch.

09:15 – Patreon & how to support the show
Extended cuts, deeper conversations, and why it matters.

10:10 – Harm reduction & Zendo Project
Why we partner with them and what the code supports.

10:50 – Closing & Season Two welcome
Personal sign-off and transition into the new season.

Send us Fan Mail

https://firesideproject.org

Download the app or text/call 62-FIRESIDE

Zendo Project
Our listeners get 10% off the Zendo Project SIT Program with the code DIVERGENTS10

Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Support the show

Special Thanks to our Macrodosers, Super D and Mike, and our Thumbprint Tier member, Angie on Patreon!

https://linktr.ee/3L1T3Mod