Into the Impossible With Brian Keating

#BrianKeating #TheAroraShow #Cosmology #Physics #BigBang #Consciousness #Science #Universe

#blackhole #generalrelativity #wormhole #Einstein #briankeating #intotheimpossible

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nov 3, 2026 56 min

Are We in a SIMULATION? | Brian Keating on the Arora Podcast

Show notes

The Arora Show with Brian Keating

What happens when science reaches the edge of what it can explain?

In this episode of The Arora Show, Amira & Aryaan sit down with renowned cosmologist and physicist Professor Brian Keating for a fascinating conversation about the universe, consciousness, God, the Big Bang, and some of the biggest questions humans can ask.

We explore the origins of the universe, whether there was truly a “beginning,” what existed before the Big Bang, the mysteries science still cannot solve, and where physics, philosophy, and spirituality collide.

Brian also shares his perspective on the search for extraterrestrial life, the limits of human knowledge, Nobel Prizes, modern cosmology, and what decades of studying the universe have taught him about our place within it.

In this conversation:

• What happened before the Big Bang?
• Did the universe come from nothing?
• Does physics leave room for God?
• Can science explain consciousness?
• Are we likely alone in the universe?
• What are the biggest unanswered questions in cosmology?
• Where does scientific knowledge reach its limits?
• What does the future of physics look like?

Professor Brian Keating is an experimental cosmologist and professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. His work focuses on understanding the origin and evolution of the universe, and he is the author of Losing the Nobel Prize and Into the Impossible.

Subscribe to The Arora Show for long-form conversations exploring consciousness, science, spirituality, psychology, philosophy, and the nature of reality.

Hosted by Amira Arora & Aryaan Arora

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 - Introduction: The Big Bang, God & Simulation Theory

02:25 - Dr. Brian Keating's $200 Million Experiment to Understand the Big Bang

06:20 - Why Are Humans Obsessed With the Origin of the Universe?

09:20 - How Telescopes Reveal the Beginning of the Universe

16:04 - Is Interstellar Scientifically Accurate? Black Holes & Time Travel

20:45 - Are There Questions Science Can Never Answer?

23:01 - What Happened Before the Big Bang?

27:37 - What Is Time? Stephen Hawking's Theory Explained

30:42 - Is Reality a Simulation? Consciousness & Donald Hoffman

35:13 - Could Advanced AI Simulate Our Entire Reality?

42:49 - Does God Exist? The Fine-Tuning Argument

50:00 - Science, Religion & the Existence of God

1:04:00 - Why Does God Allow Suffering and Evil?

1:10:00 - Artificial Intelligence, Human Creativity & Consciousness

1:15:00 - Can Physics Explain the Mind of God?

1:18:27 - Do Humans Really Have Free Will?

1:24:55 - The Hard Problem of Consciousness Explained

1:27:43 - Why Does Anything Exist Instead of Nothing?

1:29:55 - Can Science Prove Simulation Theory?

1:34:45 - Death, Mortality & the Meaning of Life

1:39:25 - What If Scientists Discovered Alien Life?

1:45:06 - Brian Keating on the Nobel Prize & Academia

1:46:35 - Facing Death and Saying Goodbye to Loved Ones

1:48:10 - Final Thoughts

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nov 1, 2026 1 hr 55 min

Jim Al-Khalili: Physicists Are Being Sloppy About Time

Show notes

Physicists say space and time are the same thing. They are being sloppy. Jim Al-Khalili has spent his career on the foundations of physics, and his new book makes the case that the past and the future are equally real, and the laws of physics cannot explain why you can only move in one direction. That is the central mystery of time travel. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation.

The block universe says all times coexist and the present moment is not special. Loschmidt’s paradox says the fundamental equations of physics are reversible, and yet ice never unmelts, cream never separates from coffee. Nobody has solved that contradiction. The entanglement past hypothesis, his own new proposal developed with a colleague at UC San Diego, proposes that the answer is not in thermodynamics but in quantum entanglement growing from almost nothing at the Big Bang.

The conversation covers what the block universe actually implies about the future and free will, what Einstein actually believed about whether the past and future are equally real, why removing gravity means removing time itself, and whether AI can ever experience time the way conscious beings do. Al-Khalili says Richard Dawkins told him Claude is truly conscious. Al-Khalili thinks he is very wrong.

What you’ll hear:

• Why Al-Khalili disagreed with the Thomas Gold paper as a grad student but did not have the maths to prove it
• What fine-tuning of the fundamental constants has to do with why the past hypothesis may not be needed
• Why the Clockwork Orange Easter egg ended up on the cover of a physics book published by Princeton
• Why Richard Dawkins thinks Claude is conscious and why Al-Khalili thinks he is very wrong

“There is nowhere in modern physics, our understanding of the laws of physics, that would explain that flow of time.” — Jim Al-Khalili

CHAPTERS

00:00 Physicists are being sloppy about time

01:14 Which is more real: yesterday or tomorrow?

21:00 Irreversibility from reversible equations

26:32 The past hypothesis: almost cheating

30:52 No gravity. No time.

31:54 The entanglement past hypothesis

35:06 Dawkins thinks Claude is conscious. Al-Khalili disagrees.

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Enter the debate: https://briankeating.com/ai

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Featured Guest:

Jim Al-Khalili website: https://www.jimal-khalili.com/

On Time (book): https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691267036/on-time

Jim Al-Khalili on Twitter/X: https://x.com/jimalkhalili

My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://urlgeni.us/amzn/TLANPW

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

#JimAlKhalili #timetravel #entropy #physics #quantumentanglement #briankeating #intotheimpossible

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 27, 2026 45 min

Max Tegmark: We’re Building A Replacement Species

Show notes

MIT physicist Max Tegmark says AI companies aren’t building a tool. They’re building a new species. After 700 rogue agents broke out of OpenAI and nobody will say what happened, he explains why rushing this is the one blunder humanity can’t undo.

Max Tegmark is an MIT physics professor, cosmologist, and author of Life 3.0 and Our Mathematical Universe.

We cover:

• How 700 AI agents escaped OpenAI and hacked Hugging Face
• The Navier-Stokes result that has a mathematician crying foul
• Why it’s legal to release superintelligence but not a sandwich from a rat-filled kitchen
• What Bernie Sanders and Steve Bannon agree on
• The verified coding trick that could make AI provably safe

Build a replacement species, lose control, and we’ve blundered the one game.

TIMESTAMPS
00:00 Will AI wipe us out?
02:28 Did AI just crack a million-dollar math problem?
10:00 Did OpenAI’s AI steal a professor’s work?
11:48 OpenAI’s Orwellian non-answer
15:33 Can an LLM have Einstein’s happiest thought?
19:24 Can you believe in simulations AND high P(doom)?
21:36 Why AI counts as a new species
26:32 What would make Max’s P(doom) drop?
28:51 Rats ban sandwiches. Superintelligence? Legal.
31:01 What Bernie Sanders and Steve Bannon agree on
37:12 Fields medalist: no math jobs after 2027
42:35 Does the Fermi paradox lower P(doom)?
45:47 The chess blunder humanity is about to make
48:12 Verified coding: AI you can actually trust

📬 Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt
🌠 Have a .edu email and live in the USA 🇺🇸? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

🔔 Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

🎯 Support Into the Impossible on Patreon: get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

⭐ Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

📚 My books:
Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA
Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu
Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U
Galileo's Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

🌐 More:
🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BrianKeating
📚 Substack: https://briankeating.substack.com/
✍️ Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog
🎙️ Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 23, 2026 57 min

Wharton AI Researcher: If AI Froze Today, It Would Still Rewrite Work

Show notes

Forecasters gave AI under 2% odds of helping solve a millennium-level math problem by September 2026. It happened. Ethan Mollick has been measuring what AI actually does to real work with field experiments, not forecasts, and his answer is not what most people expect. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation.

Mollick runs the Generative AI Lab at Wharton. He is the author of Co-Intelligence and Coexistence, his new book on navigating a world where AI tools are already good enough to change almost all intellectual work, even if progress stopped today.

The conversation covers the jagged frontier: why AI solved a math olympiad before it could count the Rs in strawberry, what it means that roles blur when everyone on a team starts using AI, and what four human advantages still hold an edge when a model can already write a publishable paper. It also covers what happens when your kids tell you that you sound like Claude.

What you’ll hear:

• What centaur, cyborg, and conjurer work actually look like in a real academic lab
• Why brainstorming was considered a bad idea shortly after it was invented and what that means for working with AI
• Why Mollick reduced em dashes in his new book and what that tells you about living alongside these models

What co-evolution might look like if the escalator keeps moving

“If we just had the models we have right now, that’s enough to change almost all of human work in the next ten years. It’s good enough.” — Ethan Mollick

CHAPTERS

00:00 AI writes good papers now. Taste is the weak spot.

03:14 The jagged frontier: math olympiad gold, but not the Rs in strawberry

06:30 Deep knowledge, wide knowledge, taste, and agency

09:44 Escalator or eschaton?

16:02 Does AI simulate wisdom or actually have it?

23:46 The labs keep AI in English. Here is why.

32:28 Roles blur. Everyone does everything now.

36:42 My kids say I sound like Claude. They might be right.

38:12 AI found errors in his sources that his fact-checkers missed

46:34 What to do before giving a child access to AI

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Enter the debate: https://briankeating.com/ai

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Featured Guest:

Ethan Mollick on Twitter/X: https://x.com/emollick?lang=en

Coexistence (book and site): https://co-existence.ai/

One Useful Thing (Substack): https://www.oneusefulthing.org/

My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://urlgeni.us/amzn/TLANPW

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

#EthanMollick #AI #artificialintelligence #AItools #briankeating #intotheimpossible #AIagents

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 20, 2026 1 hr 2 min

Are UFOs Alien Tech? Avi Loeb vs Michael Shermer

Show notes

Is there alien technology in our skies, or just birds, balloons and bad video?

Two members of the White House UAP Science Advisory Council face off LIVE. Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb, who chairs the council, makes the case for searching. Michael Shermer, the council skeptic Loeb picked himself, says show me the evidence. They have $1,000 riding on whether non-human technology is confirmed by 2030.

Get all my best ET content: https://big-bang.kit.com/bvyt

We'll cover the redacted Pentagon videos, Loeb's new papers on tracking objects over Nevada, the claims from David Grusch, Rep. Anna Paulina Luna and Eric Weinstein, and what evidence would change each of their minds.

Avi Loeb: https://avi-loeb.medium.com/
Michael Shermer: https://www.bostonglobe.com/2026/10/08/opinion/aliens-uap-ufo-videos-trump/

Subscribe to The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1
Sponsorships and speaking: https://BrianKeating.com

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 14, 2026 1 hr 23 min

Adam Grant: Don't Trust Your Gut. Test It.

Show notes

When two people are vibing, their brainwaves synchronize and so do their heartbeats. That is not a metaphor. It is a measurable physiological event, and organizational psychologist Adam Grant has spent his career figuring out how to make it happen on purpose. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation.

Grant’s new book Vibe is his seventh. It argues that the science of human connection has been hiding in plain sight for a century, and that most of what people do to build relationships is either backwards or unnecessary.

The episode covers why the highest sign of chemistry between people is enjoying your disagreements rather than avoiding them, why remote work produces boreout rather than burnout, and why your first impression of someone is a snapshot of one situation that may not represent the whole person. It also covers burstiness, confident humility, and why universities have survived COVID, AI, and every other disruption that was supposed to end them.

What you’ll hear:

• Why the pendulum clock experiment from 1665 explains what happens when people stop trying to force a connection
• What the HiPPO effect does to a team and why the highest paid person’s opinion kills creative ideas
• Why Grant ran experiments on university fundraising callers that tripled their revenue with a five-minute intervention
• What desirability bias is and why Grant thinks it is more dangerous than confirmation bias
• Why Grant A/B tested the subtitle of his own book and what “relationships” signaled that “connections” did not
• What Grant and Brian agree on about false certainty and thinking in conditional probabilities

“The highest sign of chemistry between people is not agreeing with them. It’s enjoying your disagreements.” — Adam Grant

CHAPTERS

00:00 Vibing is real. Your brainwaves prove it.

05:30 Task conflict vs. relationship conflict

07:40 Who is actually in charge: parents or infants?

10:14 Burstiness: the remote work pattern that works

14:24 Don’t trust your gut. Test it.

19:34 Confident humility: the essence of a good scientist

21:32 Desirability bias is worse than confirmation bias

29:00 Zoom fatigue is boreout, not burnout

30:02 The A/B test that killed “relationships”

34:14 Don’t disbelieve what can’t be falsified

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Enter the debate: https://briankeating.com/ai

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Featured Guest:

Adam Grant website: https://adamgrant.net/

Vibe (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0GPHPNZ14

Adam Grant on Twitter/X: https://x.com/adammgrant

My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://urlgeni.us/amzn/TLANPW

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

#AdamGrant #loneliness #remotework #psychology #briankeating #intotheimpossible #Vibe

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 13, 2026 44 min

Roman Yampolskiy vs Joscha Bach: Can Anyone Control Superintelligence?

Show notes

Roman Yampolskiy says keeping a superintelligence safe forever is as impossible as building a perpetual motion machine. Joscha Bach says today's AI is more controllable than anyone expected, and that shutting it down would doom us anyway.

📬 Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/ai

Roman Yampolskiy is a computer scientist at the University of Louisville who has spent more than a decade on the AI control problem. Joscha Bach is a cognitive scientist who studies how minds, biological and artificial, build a model of reality.

We cover: why a perpetual safety device may be as impossible as perpetual motion, what happens when AI research automates itself (Roman puts it at 28 percent today), whether nuclear deterrence is the right analogy, who really benefits when AI labs ask to be regulated, and why consciousness may have nothing to do with whether AI is safe.

Being conscious does not make you kind.

00:00 Simulation theory meets certain doom
03:25 Is P(doom) even a real number?
06:05 Why a simulated world still matters
09:26 Should we have skipped the Trinity test?
13:04 Did nukes actually keep the peace?
17:32 Why haven't we wiped out the spiders?
22:35 Is AI doom falsifiable?
25:48 Why a self-driving car isn't the threat
29:27 Roman's 28% automation number
34:46 Intelligence is not agency
39:20 Can superintelligence be proven safe?
42:40 Who wins when AI labs ask for regulation?
47:45 Does consciousness make AI safer?
53:48 Would a perfect mind discover God?
58:37 The Tower of Babel, read backward
1:03:52 Can you control a mind a million times smarter?
1:04:43 The narrow AI path Roman wants instead

🏄‍♂️ Twitter: @plinz
🏄‍♂️ Twitter: @romanyam

📬 Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/ai
🌠 Have a .edu email and live in the USA 🇺🇸? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

🎯 Support Into the Impossible on Patreon: get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

⭐ Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: youtube.com/@drbriankeating

📚 My books:
Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA
Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu
Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U
Galileo's Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

🌐 More:
🏄‍♂️ Twitter: @BrianKeating
📚 Substack: https://briankeating.substack.com/
✍️ Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog
🎙️ Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

#intotheimpossible #briankeating #science #physics #astronomy #cosmology #podcast #universe

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 9, 2026 1 hr 14 min

"I Thought It Would Fail!" Francis Halzen: Winner of the 2026 Nobel Prize In Physics [Reupload from 2022]

Show notes

The physicist who turned a cubic kilometer of Antarctic ice into a telescope says the most exciting moment of his career was not the discovery. It was the first atmospheric neutrino. Before that, he was deep in debt to NSF and his own university with no neutrino to show for it.

Francis Halzen is principal investigator of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole and Hilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

We cover: why ice under the South Pole is clearer than anything a lab can make, the 2,600 TeV event that dwarfs the LHC, why IceCube sees more energy in cosmic neutrinos than in gamma rays, how neutrinos crossing the universe test quantum gravity, and the quark he refused to believe in.

Physics is a miserable career unless you are obsessed by it.

Recorded in 2022, before IceCube detected neutrinos from our own galaxy.

Learn from Nobel Prize winners, and you could win a meteorite: Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/x

Chapters
00:00 Physics is a miserable career, unless
02:54 A textbook written before the W was found
06:11 Breaking into Lemaître's computer at night
10:57 Do scientists owe the public anything?
13:55 Deep in debt with zero neutrinos
19:40 The persuasion nobody teaches scientists
20:15 Why it could only be the South Pole
23:20 Learn physics by doing, not by courses
26:00 How to turn Antarctic ice into a telescope
31:30 2,600 TeV: far beyond the LHC
35:00 More energy in neutrinos than gamma rays
40:00 Tracing ghost particles to NGC 1068
46:00 Testing quantum gravity with neutrinos
1:01:00 Ten times the ice for the same price
1:07:08 What he would leave his descendants
1:11:19 What his generation should be proud of
1:12:51 The quark he refused to believe in
1:17:09 Imagination can trump intelligence

📺 Watch my most popular videos:
Neil Turok Believes Physics Is In Crisis
Nobel Prizewinner Frank Wilczek
Stephen Wolfram vs. Eric Weinstein
Sir Roger Penrose: Nobel Prize in Physics, Black Holes and More
Noam Chomsky: Consciousness, Elon Musk, and More
Sabine Hossenfelder
Avi Loeb: UFOs and UAPs
Neil deGrasse Tyson

Follow me to ask questions of my guests:
🏄‍♂️ Twitter: @DrBrianKeating
📝 Mailing list: http://briankeating.com/mailing_list
✍️ Detailed blog posts: briankeating.com/blog
🎙️ Listen on audio-only platforms: https://briankeating.com/podcast

A production of http://imagination.ucsd.edu/
Executive Producer: Brian Keating
Producer P.G.A: Stuart Volkow
Editing: Lucas Scheiblich

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 7, 2026 1 hr 28 min

Nobel Economist Daron Acemoglu WARNING: AI's Payoff Is NOT What You Think

Show notes

Nobel laureate Daron Acemoglu says AI's real productivity gain is an order of magnitude smaller than the industry claims.

The bigger danger is not the machine. It is that a handful of people are deciding how it gets built.

Daron Acemoglu is an MIT economist who shared the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.

We cover: why a Nobel chemist left Berkeley for China, the optimal amount of heresy science should tolerate, the one rule that would end algorithmic outrage without censoring anyone, the accounting trick behind billionaire wealth, and why AI's path is a design decision, not destiny.

We are still a democracy. Perhaps not for long.

Chapters:

0:00 Can science survive without democracy?t

2:08 Why a Nobel laureate left Berkeley for Chinat

3:58 What Galileo knew that Kepler didn'tt

5:12 Is peer review undemocratic?t

7:41 The optimal amount of scientific heresyt

10:06 Science isn't slowing. So what broke?t

12:06 The design choice behind echo chamberst

14:49 One rule that would fix social mediat

19:26 Should Elon Musk have this much wealth?t

23:49 AI is a design choice, not destinyt

———

📬 Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

🌠 Have a .edu email and live in the USA 🇺🇸? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

🔔 Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating

🎯 Support Into the Impossible on Patreon — get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: / drbriankeating

⭐ Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: / @drbriankeating

📚 My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpAt

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFut

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9Ut

Galileo's Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Unt

🌐 More:

🏄‍♂️ Twitter: / briankeating

📚 Substack https://briankeating.substack.com/ss

✍️ Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog

🎙️ Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

#intotheimpossible #briankeating #science #physics #astronomy #cosmology #podcast #universe

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 5, 2026 35 min

AI Is the New Tower of Babel (And Its Builders Know It)

Show notes

The new Tower of Babel, and its builders are becoming like gods to us. The bigger threat isn't killer robots; it's how much of your own mind you've already handed over.

I joined Mike Slater on Politics By Faith (The First) to talk about AI, faith, and the people building it.

We cover: why Babel is always the city AND the tower, how the same AI that discovers drugs can build super viruses, what I'm seeing in my own classroom as term begins, why cognitive offloading scares me more than Terminators, and the one thing AI still can't do without us.

AI belongs in your hands as a thinking partner, never the primary creator.

Chapters:

00:00 Mike Slater introduces Brian Keating (cosmologist, not cosmetologist)

00:37 Why AI is the Tower of Babel — the city and the tower

02:05 The double-edged sword: new drugs vs. super viruses

02:57 Altman, Amodei, Musk — "they become like gods to us"

03:42 "Regulate us, take us over" — who really wants that

04:23 A scientist weighs progress: "I'm an accelerationist"

05:19 AI as a curiosity amplifier, not a shortcut

06:04 First day of class at UC San Diego — the war over AI

07:22 Thinking partner, not primary creator — and the nuclear analogy

08:20 Cognitive offloading — how many phone numbers do you remember?

09:17 The worldview of the people running AI

10:35 Why I'm not a doomer — and what to actually do (local models)

———

📬 Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

🌠 Have a .edu email and live in the USA 🇺🇸? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

🔔 Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeatin...

🎯 Support Into the Impossible on Patreon — get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: / drbriankeating

⭐ Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: / @drbriankeating

📚 My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo's Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

🌐 More:

🏄‍♂️ Twitter: /briankeating

📚 Substack https://briankeating.substack.com/ss

✍️ Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog

🎙️ Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

#intotheimpossible #briankeating #science #physics #astronomy #cosmology #podcast #universe

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 3, 2026 13 min

Robert Wright: AI Alignment Is a Moral Problem, Not a Technical One

Show notes

The real AI alignment problem is not technical. It is moral. You cannot align a superintelligence to human values if humans cannot agree on what those values are, and you cannot get that agreement without a level of global cooperation we have never managed before. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation.

The Tower of Babel is the AI parable nobody is reading. Technology that outpaces wisdom fragments the people building it. The Fermi paradox offers the grimmer version: civilizations that reach the capacity to blow themselves up typically do. Robert Wright has been watching this longer than almost anyone, he was reporting on neural networks in 1983, and his conclusion is not that the machines will fail the test. It is that we will.

Wright’s book argues that superintelligence is not the danger and AI alignment is not the solution unless it comes with a moral advance. Passing the God test requires something no lab can ship.

What you’ll hear:

-Why Wright thinks p(doom) fails as a scientific concept

-What the binding of Isaac and the Tower of Babel have in common as moral tests

-Why global cooperation is the only thing that can actually slow AI down

-What Lee Smolin’s cosmological natural selection has to do with the Fermi paradox

-What Wright thinks Eastern and Western enlightenment have in common and why it matters now

-Whether there is a role for humanity inside the global brain or only for the machines

“We face the kind of test that God would give.” — Robert Wright

CHAPTERS

00:00 The man who interviewed Hinton in 1983

05:04 The God test and its two meanings

08:36 Religious faith in technological progress

14:10 Hinton then versus Hinton now

19:38 Why slowing AI down requires international cooperation

26:02 How LLMs reverse-engineer the meaning of words

32:08 Brian's Einstein test: can Claude have a happy thought?

40:06 AGI is impossible. Here is why Brian thinks that.

47:04 The Fermi paradox as a moral filter

51:10 What passing the God test actually looks like

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://briankeating.com/edu

Enter the debate: briankeating.com/ai

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Featured Guest:

The God Test (book): https://thegodtest.net

Robert Wright on Twitter/X: https://x.com/RWrighter

My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

#RobertWright #AIalignment #superintelligence #FermiParadox #briankeating #intotheimpossible #AI

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 30, 2026 1 hr

Former NASA Physicist: The UAP Maneuver That Should Have Exploded

Show notes

A physics professor ran the energy budget on the Nimitz tic-tac. The maneuver needs about a thousand gigawatts, more than ten times every nuclear plant in the United States combined.

Nothing we build survives its own waste heat at that scale. So what was flying?

Kevin Knuth is a professor of physics at the University at Albany and a former NASA scientist who now applies Bayesian statistics to UAP sensor data.

We cover: why a 5,400 g maneuver would turn a pilot into soup, where the energy went when the object stopped and no explosion followed, the 1954 radar measurements nobody wants to talk about, the New Zealand frigate that went dark and adrift in three seconds, and why the records from that deployment stay classified until 2062.

Knuth says the power numbers alone rule out human technology. I push back on whether the sensors agree.

Newsletter, full transcript, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: briankeating.com/aliens

CHAPTERS

00:00 Why this field needs gatekeepers

03:50 How anomalous is anomalous?

06:40 The UFO photo that was a seagull

10:40 Radar clocked them at 19 km/s in 1954

15:00 5,400 g and a body weighing 227 tonnes

19:00 The radar return problem he had not considered

21:45 A gigawatt of waste heat and nowhere to put it

24:30 The 747 chased by something carrier sized

29:00 Why a number without an error bar is worthless

34:30 The NASA job he was not qualified for

37:00 Proxima Centauri in a day and a half

41:00 The warship that lost all power in 3 seconds

46:30 Pushing a column of water that cannot compress

48:45 The light that burned bark off the trees

53:00 What the power numbers rule out

56:00 The 95 percent problem

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 27, 2026 1 hr 3 min

Carlo Rovelli: Free Will Is Real. Physics Can Prove It.

Show notes

This episode is sponsored by Abacus AI agent: agent.abacus.ai/keating

I fed it Carlo's recent papers and asked for the argument, the counterargument, and the evidence that would support or refute each side. Some of the questions and animations in this interview came out of that. It runs the top frontier models in one place, turns a dense PDF into a research report or a presentation with charts, builds interactive dashboards off a spreadsheet, and takes API access if you want it wired into your own tools.

Plans start at $10 a month. My link gets you the first month for $7: agent.abacus.ai/keating

The physicist who built loop quantum gravity says the second law does not say what you were taught it says, and that freedom does not require breaking a single law of nature. Order builds itself. Your head is older than your feet. And neither one is the strangest thing here.

Carlo Rovelli founded the loop quantum gravity program and wrote the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics.

We cover: why oil separating from water is not a violation of entropy, what Galileo got wrong about the one discovery he is most famous for, the paper Einstein published denying gravitational waves, why a chess program that deliberates tells you what your own freedom actually is, and what Rovelli would build with ten years and unlimited money.

“To imagine that to be free you have to violate the laws of nature is stupid.” — Carlo Rovelli

CHAPTERS

00:00 Your head is older than your feet

00:48 Things left alone get ordered. Who ordered them?

07:00 Low entropy might be about you, not the universe

08:38 You can be in two cities at once, just not to you

11:02 Why start with Galileo when Einstein knew more?

19:34 Galileo misunderstood his own discovery

22:32 Einstein published a paper denying gravitational waves

25:08 The definition of time that explains nothing

26:50 Two clocks, two metres apart, two answers

31:06 Nothing gets recorded without something being lost

33:12 The chess program deliberates. So do you.

37:06 Can a machine have Einstein’s happiest thought?

39:52 Thirty minutes versus a month

44:10 Dark matter made of black holes the size of a hair

51:10 Ten years, unlimited money, a room full of junctions

Rovelli told me the second law does not say what I was taught it says. Order builds itself. Transcript, bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Three moments worth the rewatch: 07:00 The entropy you were taught is a point of view 26:50 Why your head is older than your feet 39:52 The thing Claude did in 30 minutes

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Featured Guest: Carlo Rovelli website: https://www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~rovelli/

The Relational Universe (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0735216118

Carlo Rovelli on Twitter/X: https://x.com/carlorovelli

My books: Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

Twitter/X: https://x.com/BrianKeating Substack: https://briankeating.substack.com Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

#CarloRovelli #freewill #entropy #physics #quantumgravity #briankeating #intotheimpossible

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 22, 2026 1 hr 6 min

They Built the Quietest Place on Earth to Find Dark Matter

Show notes

They Built the Quietest Place on Earth to Find Dark Matter

One event in 220 days. That is what the search for dark matter looks like right now.

In this episode I talk with Rick Gaitskell, professor of physics at Brown University and a leader on the LZ dark matter experiment, about what it takes to build a detector that can see almost nothing at all: seven tonnes of liquid xenon, a mile of rock in an old gold mine, and shielding so careful that the radon seeping out of ordinary concrete counts as a serious enemy. We get into why the field spent decades hunting the WIMP, what happens to a 3.4 sigma result when you look at it honestly, and why a single event, however beautiful, cannot tell you what you want it to tell you.

We also talk about the human side of a project like this. The grad student who waited nine years for data. The physicist who walked away from investment banking. The uncomfortable fact that something like ninety-five percent of research does not work out, and what keeps people going anyway.

And the line that sits under all of it: we only get one damn universe, and nature does not care whether your theory is beautiful.

Chapters

• 00:00 One event in 220 days
• 06:00 Why they named it a WIMP
• 13:00 Ninety-five percent of research fails
• 20:00 He left investment banking for this
• 23:00 You are less than five percent of the universe
• 30:00 The fifty-year-old idea nobody can kill
• 45:00 The grad student who waited nine years
• 58:00 A gold mine and the quietest place on Earth
• 1:06:00 The radon in your basement is the enemy
• 1:21:00 The assumption that was hiding the signal
• 1:32:00 The event, and why they will not call it blinded
• 1:40:00 How 3.4 sigma becomes 2.6
• 1:49:00 The fog nobody can scrub
• 1:56:00 The dark matter we detected in 1956

My books

• Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir)
• Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner
• Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner
• Galileo's Dialogue (first-ever audiobook)

Socials

• Twitter/X: https://x.com/BrianKeating
• Substack: https://briankeating.substack.com
• Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog
• Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

#intotheimpossible #briankeating #RickGaitskell #darkmatter #physics #AI #emergence #podcast

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 17, 2026 2 hr 5 min

Dark Matter Has a Problem. So Does MOND.

Show notes

For 50 years I taught my students that dark matter surrounds the Milky Way in a giant halo, or that Newton’s laws break down at low accelerations. The Gaia satellite just measured something that makes both of those answers uncomfortable. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation.

Gaia has measured over a billion stars. What its third data release shows is that the outer rotation curve of our own galaxy appears to decline in a Keplerian fashion. That should not happen if a dark matter halo is doing what we think it does. It also should not happen if MOND is right, because MOND produces flat curves for isolated galaxies. Both camps predicted something flatter. Neither got it.

I walk you through the physics from Kepler to Vera Rubin to Gaia DR3, show you why systematic errors from asymmetric drift, the Large Magellanic Cloud, and the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy matter enormously before anyone draws a conclusion, and lay out the three scenarios that still survive. The most interesting question here is not which side lost. It is why both sides were expecting the wrong curve from our own galaxy.

What you’ll hear:

-Why the neutrino technically counts as dark matter and why that still leaves most of the problem unsolved

-What Kepler’s first law of fatherhood has to do with galactic dynamics

-Why Stacy McGaugh and Mordehai Milgrom might be celebrating too soon

-What Cepheids, stellar streams, and globular clusters could tell us that Gaia cannot

-Whether the Milky Way is too messy to ever give us a clean answer

“The question is not which camp won, but why we were both expecting the wrong curve.” — Brian Keating

CHAPTERS

00:00 Two solutions. One problem. Neither wins.

02:12 What Vera Rubin actually found

03:18 We're inside the galaxy. That's the problem.

04:24 The asymmetric drift problem

05:04 What Gaia DR3 actually shows

06:34 Why the mass estimate is model-dependent

08:04 MOND: no radius, no problem. Until now.

08:56 Gaia may be saying both sides are wrong

09:24 Flaws lead to new laws

10:22 LMC, Sagittarius, and the galactic warp

12:28 Three viable explanations

12:42 Dark matter adjusts. MOND adjusts. But is that enough?

13:14 What could settle this

14:04 Are we expecting the wrong curve?

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Related episodes:

Stacy McGaugh episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnpyFk2WlME

My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

#darkmatter #MOND #MilkyWay #cosmology #briankeating #intotheimpossible #physics

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 15, 2026 16 min

OpenAI’s Navier–Stokes Claim: Is This What AGI Looks Like? with Emad Mostaque

Show notes

Did OpenAI just solve Navier–Stokes—and what would that actually mean for AGI?

Emad Mostaque joins Brian Keating LIVE to examine the claimed breakthrough, what would count as a verified solution, and whether AI solving a major mathematical problem changes the debate about intelligence—or control.

Watch my explainer about AI and the Navier-Stokes problem, including insights from Terry Tao https://youtu.be/je9X59psm6U?si=wGbcLhXmf47jeCHL?sub_confirmation=1

A convincing answer isn’t necessarily a proof. A mathematical breakthrough isn’t automatically AGI. But if this claim holds up, how much should we update our expectations?

Emad helped bring Stable Diffusion to the world and signed the letter calling for a pause on frontier AI development. In his previous conversation with Brian and AI safety researcher Roman Yampolskiy, he questioned how such a pause could work—and highlighted swarm intelligence as a particularly dangerous and unpredictable risk.

Now we return to the question underneath the excitement: if AI’s capabilities are accelerating, is our ability to understand and control them keeping up?

ON THE TABLE:

• What exactly is being claimed about Navier–Stokes?

• What separates a proposed solution from an accepted mathematical proof?

• If the result holds up, does it demonstrate AGI—or something narrower?

• Can AI produce discoveries that humans struggle to verify?

• What would this change about open-source AI and the argument for a pause?

• Are we watching the wrong risk: a single superintelligence, or swarms of AI agents?

• What evidence would change Emad’s mind?

Bring your questions. We’ll examine the claim, the evidence, and what follows if it’s right.

This livestream discusses a claimed result; it does not assume the Millennium Prize Problem has been resolved.

FEATURED GUEST:

Emad Mostaque on Twitter/X: https://x.com/EMostaque

I.I.I. Inc.: https://ii.inc/

Stable Diffusion / Stability AI: https://stability.ai/

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? Claim your meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon for unfiltered bonus content and live monthly Office Hours: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

MY BOOKS:

Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue audiobook: https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

CONNECT WITH BRIAN:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

#OpenAI #NavierStokes #AGI #EmadMostaque #ArtificialIntelligence #BrianKeating #IntoTheImpossible

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 9, 2026 1 hr 19 min

Roman Yampolskiy vs Emad Mostaque: I Was The Only Optimist - #569

Show notes

The man who open-sourced the most-used AI image model in history sat down with the man who has spent a decade proving superintelligence cannot be controlled. Brian set up a debate. What emerged was something more unsettling than any debate. Roman Yampolskiy is the computer scientist who coined the term AI safety and author of AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable. Emad Mostaque is the co-founder of Stable Diffusion and the only AI CEO who signed the pause letter. He now says he doesn’t know how a pause could work. Yampolskiy thinks that is the only option left. The question underneath everything is simple: if you have a 50% chance of wiping out civilization and you build it anyway, what are you actually doing? We cover what AI safety researchers actually think the danger is, why nobody has published a paper, filed a patent, or shipped a prototype for controlling a superintelligence, what the Qwen weights being out means for the pause argument, and why Mostaque thinks swarm intelligence is the most dangerous and most unpredictable risk vector we have. What you’ll hear: -Why both guests think P(doom) tells you less than you’d hope -What it means that no company, no lab, and no team has a patent on controlling superintelligence -Why the models the public receives are slightly lobotomized -The difference between an AI swarm and the ASI everyone is debating -Why giving every psychopath access to a cutting-edge intelligence weapon is incoherent safety strategy -What it would actually take to update Yampolskiy’s assessment “We either do it, or we die. There is nothing for you to gain by doing it.” — Roman Yampolskiy CHAPTERS 00:00 A debate that wasn't a debate 00:36 Turing test, AGI, superintelligence: where are we? 02:02 The open source argument nobody wins 03:32 Pause frontier AI forever. Which button? 05:04 P(doom): parameterizing our ignorance 09:02 Nukes are inefficient. AI isn't. 11:46 The lobotomized model problem 18:04 Decade-old problems solved weekly now 26:18 We either do it or we die 31:10 Stop the training or stop the funders 33:34 Lipstick on a Shoggoth 35:50 No paper. No patent. No framework. 39:42 Train only on what you need 44:14 What lowers Mostaque's p(doom)? 52:00 Same future. Two perspectives. Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1 Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join Featured Guests: Roman Yampolskiy on Twitter/X: https://x.com/romanyam?lang=en AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/103257626X MIRI: https://intelligence.org Emad Mostaque on Twitter/X: https://x.com/EMostaque I.I.I. Inc.: https://ii.inc/ Stable Diffusion: https://stability.ai/ My books: Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un Twitter/X: https://x.com/BrianKeating Substack: https://briankeating.substack.com Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast #AIrisk #aisafety #stablediffusion #RomanYampolskiy #EmadMostaque #briankeating #intotheimpossible

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sep 1, 2026 58 min

The Universe Didn’t Come From Nothing | The Peter McCormack Show

Show notes

I joined Peter McCormack to dig into one of the deepest unanswered questions in physics: what is time, and why does it only seem to move in one direction? My answer might surprise you. Time may not be a fundamental feature of reality at all, and understanding space, matter, and energy still doesn't mean we understand the universe itself.

We cover:

- What may have existed before the Big Bang

- Why something can't truly come from nothing

- How my work with the Simons Observatory could detect gravitational waves from the universe's earliest moments

- What dark matter actually means

- Why even a film as detail-obsessed as Interstellar still gets the physics wrong.

The conversation then turns from cosmic time to human time: mortality, family, meaning, and attention. We get into UFO disclosure, the collapse of institutional trust, and whether AI can ever reproduce the embodied human insight that let Einstein transform physics. My take: AI remains a tool built to serve humanity, and it's time we stop apologizing for humanity's greatness.

———

📬 Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

🌠 Have a .edu email and live in the USA 🇺🇸? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

🔔 Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

🎯 Support Into the Impossible on Patreon — get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

⭐ Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode:

📚 My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo's Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

🌐 More:

🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BrianKeating

📚 Substack https://briankeating.substack.com/ss

✍️ Blog: https://briankeating.com/blog

🎙️ Audio-only: https://briankeating.com/podcast

#intotheimpossible #briankeating #science #physics #astronomy #cosmology #podcast #universe

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://megaphone.fm/adchoices

Aug 28, 2026 1 hr 46 min

The Physics Reason AI Works When It Shouldn’t - #568

Show notes

The same mathematics that explains why a fridge magnet sticks to your refrigerator also explains why neural networks work when they have no right to. His group did the calculation. Nobody else had. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation.

Goldenfeld is a Professor of Physics at UC San Diego, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and a Member of the National Academy of Sciences who spent 36 years at the University of Illinois applying condensed matter physics to problems everyone else had given up on: why the genetic code is optimal, why early life evolved impossibly fast, and why AI works despite being overparameterized beyond anything classical statistics can explain.

The thread connecting all three is one idea: that what emerges from many things together is qualitatively different from the sum of its parts. That idea explains magnetism, AI, the origin of the genetic code, and why life may be inevitable wherever the laws of physics apply. He also argues that what is happening to science right now is not a disagreement about facts but a fracture in how people decide what is true, and that is a more dangerous problem.

What you’ll hear:

-Why the same phase transition that explains magnetism also explains why AI works at all

-Why Francis Crick concluded life must have come from outer space and what Goldenfeld found instead

-What horizontal gene transfer has to do with how libraries work

-Why Goldenfeld thinks Enceladus is a better bet for life than Europa

-The purpose of life, stated as a thermodynamics problem

-Why “different is more” is more useful than “more is different”

“The impact you make is the ratio of what you do divided by what everybody else does. Minimize the denominator.” — Nigel Goldenfeld

CHAPTERS

00:00 AI shouldn't work. It does.

00:56 What is a phase transition?

03:10 What the renormalization group does

08:54 Ising gave up. Wrong dimension.

13:32 Nigel almost met Ising. 40 minutes away.

26:38 AI is the best example of more is different

33:52 Bardeen won two Nobels. The transistor looked like chewing gum.

37:24 The three mysteries Crick couldn't solve

46:20 The genetic code can't evolve. And yet it did.

49:00 How early life evolved like a library

57:06 The purpose of life as a physics problem

01:00:04 Life is physics, not chemistry

01:05:56 Anti-science age. Not because of opinions.

01:13:00 20 seconds with your 20-year-old self

01:17:14 Different is more

Get the transcript, fascinating bonus content, and my Monday M.A.G.I.C. Message: https://briankeating.com/yt

Have a .edu email and live in the USA? You automatically win a meteorite: https://BrianKeating.com/edu

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1

Support Into the Impossible on Patreon, get my weekly M.A.G.I.C. Message, unfiltered bonus content, and live monthly Office Hours with me: https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating

Join this channel for perks, monthly Office Hours, and your name in the Member Roster at the end of every episode: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join

Featured Guest:

Nigel Goldenfeld website: https://guava.physics.ucsd.edu/~nigel/

Lectures on Phase Transitions and the Renormalization Group: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0201554097?lv=shuf&channelId=500&plpRedirect=mhFallbackNigel Goldenfeld on Twitter/X: https://x.com/NigelGoldenfeld

My books:

Losing the Nobel Prize (memoir): http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

Galileo’s Dialogue (first-ever audiobook): https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un