Risky Business Features

In this podcast Patrick Gray and The Grugq chat to Nazar Tymoshyk about Russia’s use of AI in recent state-back cyberattacks against Ukraine.

Nazar is the founder and CEO of Ukraine-based cybersecurity firm UnderDefence. He also spent the first few years of the war working for Ukraine’s CERT.

The three discuss the speed and impact of these automated attacks and how organisations can best prepare themselves against AI-scaled attacks.

This episode is also available on YouTube.

Show notes

In this solo Risky Business Features episode, James Wilson looks at the string of recent AI benchmark cheating escapades and how they’ve reshaped his thinking about LLMs and vulnerability research.

He explores the current benchmarks and exactly how agents go about gaming the testing system to achieve their tasks. And why understanding that has changed the way he interacts with his agents.

Show notes

• OpenAI incident account and grading distinction
• METR and Redwood independent assessment
• FrontierCode original evaluation methodology
• BrowseComp aggregation experiments
• Sonnet 4 point 5 coding scaffold and parallel selection
• Opus 4 point 6 BrowseComp setup
• BrowseComp evaluation awareness and contamination investigation
• Sonnet 5 point 5 effort and review subagents
• FrontierCode 1 point 1 revision and rubric changes
• Astra launch comparison and effort conditions
• Original OSWorld task construction and worked examples
• Sonnet 4 point 6 system card
• Original OSWorld benchmark
• OSWorld 2 environment and evaluation design
• GPT 5 point 4 comparator table
• GPT 5 point 5 comparator table
• BrowseComp construction and grading paper
• GPT 5 point 6 single model and Ultra configurations
• METR investigation and artifact evidence
• Released task definition
• Released scorer for reference only
• OpenAI paper sections 3 point 1 to 3 point 3
• OpenAI accompanying explanation
• Sycophancy to Subterfuge paper
• Training a Misaligned Reward Seeker and evaluation appendix
• GPT 5 point 2 AIME result

In this solo Risky Business Features episode, James Wilson explains why “number of bugs” fixed in any given update is a misleading metric. We’ve seen up to 1,000 individual bug fixes in a single update recently, but that doesn’t give defenders the full picture they need to manage risks.

Not all bugs are equally exploitable, so the industry needs to catch up to the bugpocalypse with more transparency. And maybe an entirely different approach to patching.

Show notes

In this podcast episode, investigative journalist Geoff White joins James Wilson to talk about what happens to the money after ransomware gangs get a payday.

The payment itself might be in the millions, but it’s difficult for gangs to convert their ill-gotten crypto gains into cash they can actually spend. Geoff explains the role of professional launderers and why cash-rich drug gangs are useful connections for crypto-rich cybercriminals.

They also dive into who operates these international laundering networks, other types of crime they enable, and whether this affects the argument of whether victims should be allowed to pay.

Show notes

In this podcast episode, OpenSourceMalware founder Paul McCarty joins James Wilson to explain how researchers find and analyse malicious packages, GitHub repositories and developer tools.

Paul walks James through static analysis, deobfuscation and reconstructing multi-stage kill chains to identify what attackers are trying to steal. They also discuss how LLMs make malware development easier while introducing operational security mistakes.

The pair examine DPRK tradecraft, blockchain-based payload delivery and what Paul calls Pollen Rider, which can reinfect developers through their own repositories.

Show notes

In this podcast episode, Brad Arkin joins James Wilson to chat about the Trump administration’s call to let private entities conduct cyber operations against criminal groups.

Brad’s firsthand experience responding to cyber incidents alongside US law enforcement gives him a unique perspective on how government and private sector relationships work, and how this program could improve the ability of both sides to tackle cybercrime.

James and Brad also explore who might participate in these campaigns and whether the government will be able to effectively oversee them.

Show notes

In this podcast episode, James Wilson chats with Brian Krebs about the investigation that led him from recycled cybercrime handles and old forum records to the true identity of TeamPCP’s alleged leader in Perth.

TeamPCP is the hacker group that has gone berserk in the software supply chain over the last year or so, stealing credentials to compromise developers, their software packages, and their repositories.

In this interview Brian talks about his Signal conversations with the group’s ringleader, the strange Cybercats community surrounding TeamPCP, and the passive DNS breakthrough that helped him unmask what he thinks are the ringleader’s true identities.

Show notes

• Two Alleged ‘TeamPCP’ Hackers Arrested in Australia – Krebs on Security

In this podcast episode, James Wilson chats with PortSwigger’s Director of Research James Kettle about using an LLM to develop genuinely new attack techniques.

Kettle has built what he calls the HTTP Terminator, an autonomous research system that generates and tests tens of thousands of potentially new HTTP desync techniques. The Terminator, which makes use of Kettle’s own research methodology, has already come up with new desync methods that James hadn’t thought of before.

Kettle and Wilson discuss how to develop and evaluate machine-generated ideas without drowning in false positives, and why the most powerful part of the process is the discovery cascade, where one unexpected result becomes the seed for another.

The upshot is AI can conduct genuinely novel security research, but don’t expect to one-shot your way to an army of robot hackers.

Show notes

• Can AI do novel security research? Meet the HTTP Terminator | PortSwigger Research
• HTTP/1.1 must die: the desync endgame

In this podcast episode James Wilson chats with Tinfoil co-founder Tanya Verma about how you can run a powerful LLM in the cloud without the inference provider seeing your prompts.

Tanya talks James through how private inference works, from trusted execution environments and hardware attestation, to TLS termination and GPU isolation. Customers can verify the exact code and model processing their data, while Tinfoil and its infrastructure providers remain locked out.

That’s clever engineering… but who really needs it? Is private inference only useful if you’re doing something bad, or will it become a privacy baseline like TLS? James and Tanya discuss the costs and trade-offs, and how open weights make private inference more transparent and trustworthy.

Show notes

The US government is flirting with the idea of regulating most open weight models out of existence. What would that mean for everyone who’s currently using them?

Policymakers who just look at the benchmarks and token costs might think frontier and open weight AI models are all interchangeable. That they can just banhammer them without causing any disruption. That’s far from the truth.

In this solo podcast, James Wilson looks beyond the US vs China AI race rhetoric and instead games out what the real world consequences of the US government slapping bans on AI models could be.

Show notes

In this podcast episode SOCRadar CISO Ensar Seker and James Wilson chat about the company’s deep dive into the Fortibleed campaign. A small investigation into a curiously open directory on an unknown server expanded into the discovery of an attack that targeted 400,000 Fortinet devices.

As Ensar says, each time the SOCRadar team pulled a single thread, it led to a tapestry of AI-enabled cybercrime. They uncovered custom initial access, persistence and packet sniffing tools, as well as direct links to the INC and Lynx ransomware operations. Most interesting though is the use of AI to design, implement and operate all aspects of the campaign across a team of 20 individual actors. Operating more like a modern software company than a traditional cybercrime gang, Fortibleed serves as our first in-depth look at the future of cybercrime.

Show notes

• SOCRadar Links FortiBleed Campaign to INC and Lynx Ransomware Operations

In this podcast episode Brad Arkin joins James Wilson to discuss how defenders can get ahead of the late-running bugpocalypse. While we’re confident the offensive cybersecurity capabilities of frontier and open-weight LLMs are real, attackers don’t yet seem able to fully utilise them. This creates a window of opportunity for defenders to tackle the threat.

There are a few well-funded and seemingly overlapping industry efforts under way including Athena, Akrites, and Patch the Planet. But, as Brad says in this interview, there’s too much focus on fixing bugs and traditional vulnerability triage, and not enough on exploring how to make entire classes of vulnerabilities inert.

Show notes

In this podcast episode James Wilson chats with Karsten Nohl about his research into using local LLMs to replace cloud AI in security code reviews.

In essence, Karsten created a hybrid code reviewing system where both cloud and local models are used to orchestrate, triage outputs, and write reports. In this system, only the local LLMs have source code access, with the cloud models used to manage the local models.

In this “source-local” review technique, the source code never leaves the local endpoint, which is a requirement for some reviews. But funnily enough, Karsten was able to use this system to generate findings that were as impressive as when using frontier models directly.

In a nutshell, Karsten proved it’s possible to use locally-hosted, open-weight models running on commodity hardware to produce findings comparable to those discovered by frontier cloud models.

This episode is also available on YouTube.

Show notes

• Beyond Fable: Can a Local LLM Replace Cloud AI for Security Code Reviews
• Mythos smythos! How to find 0day with lesser models

In this podcast Patrick Gray and James Wilson chat with Decibel Partners founder and Managing Partner Jon Sakoda to talk about pitching cybersecurity startups to VC firms in the AI age.

Coding agents and large language models have made it easier than ever to create software products, but despite this, the bar for what interests an investor is still largely the same. Everyone can run the marathon, but it’s usually the same few folks who finish first.

So tune in to hear Jon share with us his wisdom on when to start the conversation with investors, how to leverage the experience of the founder community, and what founders should watch out for.

This episode is also available on YouTube

Show notes

In this podcast episode James Wilson and Brad Arkin talk about how to safely use open weight large language models in the enterprise. The cost of frontier models was already driving interest in freely available open weight models like DeepSeek, Kimi and Qwen. But now the US government is forcing Anthropic to pull its Fable and Mythors models from the market, the argument for having greater control over your own AI stack is stronger than ever.

But as you’ll hear in this episode, the model itself is just one component of the complex tech stack you’ll need to spin up if you want local inference. There’s a lot of moving parts, each of which comes with its own supply chain risks.

So whether you’re hosting these models on your own hardware or via a SaaS provider, there’s a lot to ponder!

Show notes

In this solo podcast episode, James Wilson breaks down the current state of AI model jailbreaks.

If you’ve somehow missed the story, last week Anthropic released its Fable 5 and Mythos 5 models to the public. In the name of safety, both models were guardrailed up the wazoo, but that didn’t stop a bunch of jailbreakers from figuring out how to bypass at least some of their safety restrictions.

In response to these guardrail bypasses the White House issued an export control directive on the models, citing national security concerns. But was the Trump administration right to do this? Do these jailbreaks represent a threat to the security of the USA, or was the export restriction overkill? Tune in to find out!

Show notes

• Pliny the Elder on Fable 5 Jailbreak
• whoJumper's response to Pliny
• ConfusedPilot: Confused Deputy Risks in RAG-based LLMs

In this podcast episode, James Wilson is joined by Open Source Malware Security co-founder Paul McCarty to talk about the supply chain attack mitigations coming in NPM v12.

NPM disabling (by default) auto-run install scripts and dynamic dependencies is a positive step forward… but it’ll take years for this new version to be adopted, and these changes do nothing to prevent malicious packages being imported into projects.

Further, Paul thinks disabling these features by default will introduce friction that will cause them to be re-enabled. When the choice is “this builds” and “this is less prone to malware”, the former will always win.

Show notes

In this podcast Brad Arkin joins James Wilson to talk about how the fear of being left behind in the AI era means enterprises are taking risks that would have been considered insane just a couple of years ago.

Fears around outages or being hacked have been trumped by fears of being labelled an AI laggard.

So where are we all going? Say hello to tech debt-riddled, vibe-coded apps, crazy dependencies on AI providers, and an emerging threat landscape that can’t be mitigated by a contemporary SOC. Sounds like fun, eh?

Show notes

In this solo episode, James Wilson takes a detailed look at TeamPCP.

It started off by launching clumsy attacks against misconfigured Kubernetes clusters in September 2025. But by February this year, TeamPCP had skilled up and was smashing global software supply chains in the highest profile attacks of 2026.

TeamPCP upskilled and turned the software development ecosystem into its personal credential harvesting machine.

Here’s how TeamPCP did it, and what we can learn from it.

Show notes

In this podcast James Wilson chats with Brad Arkin about why software supply chain attacks have gone from rare, once-in-a-while disasters to an operational problem affecting mainstream enterprises almost daily.

AI has made attackers faster, and “vibe coding” means the number of environments pulling packages from the internet has gone to the moon. It also means legacy tooling that seeks out the bad packages and cleans them up isn’t enough. Package cooldown windows won’t fix this either.

But all hope is not lost! Tune in to this podcast to find out how you can get a grip on the disaster de jour!

Show notes