The Living Philosophy

Jason Ānanda Josephson Storm is Professor of Religion and Chair of Science and Technology Studies at Williams College. His books include The Invention of Religion in Japan, The Myth of Disenchantment and Metamodernism: The Future of Theory. He co-founded the journal Metamodern Theory and Praxis with Brendan Graham Dempsey, and is writing Transcendent Machines: Religion and the Philosophy of Technology for Cambridge University Press.

In this conversation, I sit down with Jason to explore one of the foundational stories of modernity: that God died, magic vanished, and the modern West became a disenchanted place. Jason traces this narrative back through Schiller's The Gods of Greece and the German Romantics, and much further, to medieval books of magic that already claimed magic was lost, Chaucer's departed fairies, and the Irish fairy farewell. We discuss the romantic spiral, Hegel's negation of the negation, and how Jason's Hegelian reading of postmodern theory, originally titled Absolute Disruption, became Metamodernism: The Future of Theory. Jason tells the story of how the Fukushima disaster, a Kyoto tattoo parlour and an offhand remark about "mystical Asia" exposed the Orientalism at the heart of the disenchantment story, and why so many of its theorists, from Freud to the Vienna Circle, were themselves doing psychical research. We then turn to the new myths of technology: religion as technique, the Denden-gū shrine where Thomas Edison is worshipped as a god of electricity, the AI bubble, and why college should be a gym for the brain. This is a conversation for anyone who has felt the loss of meaning in modern life and wondered whether the story of that loss is itself a myth.

🔗 Links
- Website: https://sites.williams.edu/jaj1/
- Blog: Absolute Disruption: https://absolute-disruption.com/
- Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/profstorm.bsky.social

⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro - Is the death of God a myth?
01:00 Did God die, or did meaning pluralise?
05:27 Schiller, the gods of Greece and the long foreground of God's death
08:35 Chaucer and the fairy farewell: magic has always been leaving
09:17 The banshee, pishogues and the electrification of rural Ireland
13:42 Magic as always foreign and archaic: from the Magi to Hermes Trismegistus
17:36 Pro-Enlightenment Romantics and modernity as always elsewhere
20:09 Why does modernity always look west? Hegel and Orientalism
23:02 The romantic spiral
24:30 Hegel's dialectic: abstraction, negation and the negation of the negation
29:24 From Absolute Disruption to Metamodernism: The Future of Theory
32:33 Why every road in metamodernism leads back to Hegel
36:03 Rebelling against postmodern teachers: is there nothing after Derrida?
39:45 Buddhism, Japan and The Invention of Religion in Japan
45:23 Fukushima, a tattoo parlour and the birth of The Myth of Disenchantment
47:41 But aren't a quarter of us disenchanted?
50:58 A real myth: occult disavowal and how disenchantment breeds re-enchantment
54:32 The Vienna Circle's psychical research and the cycles of the occult
55:43 Transcendent Machines: technology as eschatological promise
59:00 Religion as technology: the codex, prayer wheels and techniques of the body
1:03:20 How did Thomas Edison become a Japanese god?
1:06:54 The AI bubble and the myths we're living through
1:13:07 AI in the university: free cheating machines and watermarking
1:17:40 Labs for the humanities: college as a gym for the brain
1:21:16 Jason's guest recommendations: Ruth Millikan and Andreas Malm
1:22:35 Where to find Jason

Peter Ulric Tse is a Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College, currently on sabbatical as a visiting professor at Cambridge and a Visiting Fellow at Clare Hall. A Guggenheim and Humboldt Fellow, he studies attention, visual consciousness and volition, and has spent over fifteen years building a naturalistic case for libertarian free will, beginning with The Neural Basis of Free Will: Criterial Causation (MIT, 2013). He is now two volumes into a trilogy: A Neurophilosophy of Libertarian Free Will and Free Imagination (both OUP, 2024), with Re-enlightenment to follow.

In this conversation, I sit down with Peter to explore the idea at the heart of Free Imagination: that what makes humans free is not intelligence but imagination, our capacity to model what is not, has never been, and could not be. We start with bonobos sitting miserably in the rain and the Löwenmensch, a 40,000-year-old carving of a lion-headed man, and trace how tool-making may have forged an internal virtual avatar that lets us act in imagination long before we act in the world. Peter takes apart the Libet experiments and the case against free will made by Sapolsky and Gazzaniga, arguing that the real action lies not in split-second choices but in distal, deliberative imagining. We explore the brain's planning and willpower systems, efference copy and schizophrenia, Kundalini yoga, and why lobotomised patients simply stopped acting. Then the conversation turns to culture: whether our imaginations are sovereign, Edward Bernays and The Century of the Self, why some stories grip us from beneath, and Peter Singer's expanding circle. This is a conversation for anyone who suspects the imagination is both our greatest tool and our greatest weapon, and wants to know whether we can learn to wield it freely.

🔗 Links
- Website: https://sites.dartmouth.edu/peter/
- Free MOOC: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBZk0Jl545845TCxtkEbJQ7bTJTqi_HrF

⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro - Free will, imagination and the crack in the animal mind
00:47 What can we learn from bonobos sitting in the rain?
04:37 Defining imagination: our internal virtual reality
07:47 The Default Mode Network, daydreaming and the ego
11:08 From mental workspace to the Löwenmensch
14:27 Hand axes, Homo erectus and the slow birth of imagination
17:19 Our greatest tool and our greatest weapon: escaping the reptilian trap
22:14 Free Imagination: the internal avatar and the evolution of tool-making
24:54 Has neuroscience been barking up the wrong tree?
26:54 Libet, the readiness potential and the case against free will
32:31 Distal decisions: where free will really lives
34:34 Baseball, Sapolsky and learning Spanish: why past imagining still counts
38:27 Why volitional attention needs consciousness
39:59 Split brains, Gazzaniga and the interpreter
43:34 Efference copy and schizophrenia: did I do that?
47:14 Planning, priorities and the neuroscience of willpower
52:18 Lobotomies, akinetic mutism and the fire in the belly
55:57 Ritual, Jung and the gods and madness of the imagination
57:52 Breath, Kundalini yoga and training the will
1:00:30 Is your imagination sovereign?
1:01:56 Edward Bernays, The Century of the Self and propaganda
1:04:42 Why do some stories capture us?
1:07:49 Peter Singer's expanding circle
1:12:24 New religions for an expanding circle
1:16:12 The unconscious and the elves in the basement
1:18:59 Emotions, desires and cybernetic beings
1:21:31 Anagnorisis, storytelling and why Harari is wrong
1:24:19 Globalism and the merging of the world's religions
1:27:26 Peter's guest recommendations: Carolyn Dicey Jennings and Eddy Nahmias
1:28:23 Where to find Peter

Dr. Sharon Blackie is an award-winning writer, psychologist and mythologist whose work sits at the junction of depth psychology, mythology and ecology. Coming from a background in behavioural psychology and neuroscience, she has spent over two decades reinstating imagination and intuition as ways of knowing. She is the author of seven books, including the internationally bestselling If Women Rose Rooted and Hagitude, which reframed midlife and elderhood as alchemical rather than diminishing. Her latest, Ripening: Why Women Need Fairy Tales Now, was published in May 2026.

She writes the global-bestselling Substack The Art of Enchantment (60,000+ readers), is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and an Honorary Member of the Association of Jungian Analysts, and recently founded the Nostos Institute, which aims to build a living Western spiritual path out of ancient philosophy and depth psychology.

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In this conversation, I sit down with Sharon to explore what it might mean to re-enchant a disenchanted world. We begin with her winding path: from a fiercely behaviourist psychology department, to a PhD in the neuroscience of anxiety, and finally to the imaginal, mythic heart of depth psychology. Sharon gives a crash course in Neoplatonism (the One, the Nous and the World Soul) and traces how James Hillman and Henri Corbin drew on it to describe the imaginal world: a real, intermediary realm where images, dreams and synchronicities live. We dig into the difference between enchantment and magical thinking, why so much Jungian thought stops short of the metaphysics, and how big dreams and synchronicities tend to convert people rather than arguments. We talk about Plato's Myth of Er and the guardian daimon, why Sharon has focused on reclaiming women's stories and the archetypes of the older woman (the Hagitude project), and what her new Nostos Institute is trying to build. Along the way: fairy tales as the antidote to alienation, why young people are turning to Christianity, and whether a screen-bound, precarious, increasingly mechanised world can find its way back to community and the more-than-human world. This is a conversation for anyone who feels the pull of meaning and belonging but can't quite find the door.

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🔗 Links
- Website: https://sharonblackie.net/
- Substack (The Art of Enchantment): https://sharonblackie.substack.com/

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⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro - Reinstating imagination as a way of knowing
01:01 From behaviourist neuroscience to the imaginal: Sharon's winding path
05:59 A crash course in Neoplatonism: the One, the Nous and the World Soul
08:55 "Platonism for the masses": Christianity and the problem of institutionalisation
12:52 Iamblichus, theurgy and the imaginal world
15:51 Soul vs. spirit: the missing piece
19:20 Enchantment vs. alienation: Studebaker, Don Quixote and "to sing into"
25:41 Magical thinking vs. enchantment: fantasy or participation?
29:20 The metaphysics Hillman and Jung left out
31:47 What actually converts you: big dreams and the angel cards
33:36 Plato's Myth of Er and the guardian daimon
36:06 Are women more porous to the imaginal?
38:55 Reclaiming women's stories: from Native American writers to Celtic myth
43:32 Beyond the hero's journey: Hagitude and the archetypes of the older woman
48:41 Inside the Nostos Institute: a Western spiritual path
57:47 What "feeling fully alive" actually looks like
1:01:11 Why young people are turning to Christianity: precarity and meaning
1:11:19 Sharon's guest recommendation: David Abram
1:13:16 Where to find Sharon's work

Benjamin Studebaker is a political theorist with a PhD from Cambridge whose work cuts against the grain of almost every revolutionary and reformist story on offer. He is the author of The Chronic Crisis of American Democracy: The Way Is Shut (2023) and Legitimacy in Liberal Democracies (2024).

His central claim is that the Western democracies have become "embedded democracies" — systems in which citizens can no longer imagine an alternative worth sacrificing for, and so remain trapped in a low, stable, and deeply frustrating equilibrium.

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In this conversation, I sit down with Benjamin to explore his diagnosis of the chronic crisis at the heart of liberal democracy. We begin with the idea of the "embedded democracy" and the restricted imaginarium left behind by the catastrophes of the twentieth century, before working through why the culture war functions as a manageable — even useful — form of disagreement, one that dissipates energy rather than threatening the order. Benjamin unpacks his distinction between personal and impersonal hypocrisy, his four levels of legitimacy (perfect, full, minimal and liminal), and the concept of "enclavism": the retreat into faith, family, fandoms and futurism when politics feels futile. We range across Don Quixote and quixotic socialism, the Lord of the Rings image behind his book's subtitle, the problem of capital mobility, NATO defence spending and the Americanisation of European politics, and why a networked, nuclear-armed, drone-fought world makes the old theories of revolutionary change look obsolete. It's a sobering, clarifying conversation for anyone trying to understand why our politics feels simultaneously so turbulent and so stuck.

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You can find Benjamin's work at:

Website: https://benjaminstudebaker.com
About / all links: https://benjaminstudebaker.com/about
Substack: https://bmstudebaker.substack.com/

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⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
1:29 What is an "embedded democracy"? Why revolution is off the table
3:10 Other kinds of democracy: Poland, Hungary and living memory
6:31 Is China a viable alternative? The restricted imaginarium
9:55 Ironism: why public culture can't take anything seriously
12:12 The culture war as manufactured, manageable disagreement
14:52 Fusionism, fragmentation and the collapse of coalitions
21:06 Personal vs impersonal hypocrisy in US politics
28:25 The material drivers: universities, consumers and producers
35:14 "The way is shut": the Lord of the Rings reference explained
37:07 Quixotic socialism: acting out a politics without stakes
43:14 Enclavism and the four Fs: faith, family, fandoms, futurism
46:16 Perfect, full, minimal, liminal: the four levels of legitimacy
51:35 Can things get better? The New Deal, the 70s and why we can't go back
54:29 Capital mobility: the unsolved problem at the heart of the crisis
1:00:00 NATO, defence spending and the Americanisation of Europe
1:07:53 In defence of the Westminster system: order over fairness
1:11:03 Why reform stalls: lost threats and "middle capitalism"
1:19:49 Immiseration and the shrinking sense of the possible
1:24:25 Can revolution even happen now? Nukes, drones and integrated economies
1:28:11 Where to find Benjamin's work
1:28:48 Benjamin's guest recommendations

Georg Northoff is Canada Research Chair in Mind, Brain, Imaging, and Neuroethics at the University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research, a practising psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and philosopher, and one of the founders of neurophilosophy. Over two decades his work has reframed the brain's resting spontaneous activity — the Default Mode Network — as the primary architect of consciousness and selfhood.

He is the author of The Spontaneous Brain, alongside more accessible introductions including NeuroWaves: Brain, Time, and Consciousness (2023) and NeuroPsychoAnalysis (2023).

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In this conversation, I sit down with Georg to explore his spatial-temporal neuroscience — a framework that replaces the mind-body problem with the world-brain relationship. We begin with AI consciousness, move into the Default Mode Network and why depression is a brain running too slowly, his non-dual awareness study with meditators, his critique of Heidegger as still anthropocentric, and Whitehead's process ontology. A conversation that starts with ChatGPT and ends near the edge of what it means to exist.

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🔗 Links
Website: https://www.georgnorthoff.com
NeuroWaves: Brain, Time, and Consciousness (2023): https://www.mqup.ca/Books/N/Neurowaves2
NeuroPsychoAnalysis (2023): https://www.amazon.com/Neuropsychoanalysis-Contemporary-Introduction-Introductions-Psychoanalysis/dp/0367678047
The Spontaneous Brain: https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262038072/the-spontaneous-brain/

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⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro — Georg Northoff and the spontaneous brain
01:15 Can AI be conscious? The case of temporal synchronisation
03:21 OpenClaw, heartbeats, and whether AI is moving towards experience
06:00 Temporal windows: how the brain processes a word, a sentence, and a self
10:12 The spontaneous brain — why background activity is the game changer
13:56 A short history of the Default Mode Network
16:29 Time is everything: depression, anxiety, and the speed of neural flow
22:07 Self as continuity — why the DMN has the longest timescales
29:57 The paradigm shift: from cognitive to temporal neuroscience
38:03 Where does self emerge from temporal structure?
42:33 Self is more basic than consciousness
44:55 Jung, Freud, and cultural imprints in spontaneous brain activity
49:11 Non-dual awareness: the meditation study and what it shows
51:05 The World-Brain problem — replacing mind-body with a new question
56:22 Heidegger and Dasein: existential time, but still anthropocentric
1:00:23 The tango: self at the seam of inner and outer time
1:02:29 Whitehead's process ontology and the Copernican reversal
1:04:37 Why this work resonates more in China and Iran than in the West
1:09:13 Guest recommendation: Federico Zilio
1:09:59 Where to find Georg's work

Keegan Kjeldsen hosts The Nietzsche Podcast and the Untimely Reflections (essentialsalts) YouTube channel — a deep four-year project working through Nietzsche, his forerunners back to the ancient world, and his afterlives in 20th- and 21st-century thought. He’s also a doom metal guitarist with Destroyer of Light and Slumbering Sun, and the author of The Ritual Madness of Rock & Roll, a memoir-meets-aesthetics inquiry written on the road through Europe.

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I sat down with Keegan to work through his concept of übermodernism — what’s “over and above” modernism, in the same Nietzschean spirit as the Übermensch is over and above man. We trace the history of “the modern” all the way back to Petrarch in the 14th century, work through Nietzsche’s perspectivism and his critique of the genealogical fallacy, and ask where the next modernism is meant to come from. A conversation for anyone tired of fighting over whether Nietzsche belongs to the right, the left, or the postmodernists.

📚 I’m hosting the Interintellect book club this Sunday 10th May to work through the third and final essay of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality. Tickets: https://interintellect.com/salons/what-is-the-meaning-of-ascetic-ideals-friedrich-nietzsche-on-the-genealogy-of-morality

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🔗 Links
🎙️ Untimely Reflections (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/@untimelyreflections
🎧 The Nietzsche Podcast (Apple): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nietzsche-podcast/id1573808070
☕ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/untimelyreflections
📖 The Ritual Madness of Rock & Roll: https://www.blackrosewriting.com/biographymemoir/p/theritualmadnessofrockandroll

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⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 James’s Intro
01:59 Welcome and opening with Keegan
02:41 What is übermodernism? Going over and above modernism
05:03 Nietzsche’s perspectivism and the death of objective truth
08:14 Nietzsche as the canary in the 20th-century coalmine
11:47 When did “the modern” begin? Antiqua, nova and the first modernists
13:07 Rousseau’s letter and the first use of “modernist” as a pejorative
19:00 Genealogies, lineage and the string of pearls fallacy
28:42 Reading Nietzsche on the utility of an organ vs. its origin
34:29 Heidegger, Descartes and the “where it all went wrong” move
39:59 Nietzsche’s lectures on rhetoric: language is rhetoric, not information
43:59 Plato’s win over the Sophists as a sophist’s own move
48:59 We Philologists: the Greeks weren’t who you think they were
55:59 Petrarch and the birth of “the modern” as an age
58:29 Toledo and the Muslim transmission of the ancient texts
1:04:29 McGilchrist and the right-and-left hemisphere narrative
1:09:59 Machiavelli, humanism and man as the actor of history
1:15:29 Beyond correctness: value-for-life as the new test of truth
1:22:12 Are we übermodern yet? Great politics vs. petty politics
1:29:49 Keegan’s guest recommendations: Studebaker and Möller
1:31:29 Where to find Keegan and his next book on Nietzsche’s Hellenism

Dr. Aldrich Chan is a neuropsychologist, psychotherapist and founder of the Center for Neuropsychology and Consciousness. An adjunct professor at Pepperdine University, Aldrich's research on the default mode network, mindfulness and trauma bridges neuroscience with ancient Taoist philosophy. He is the author of Reassembling Models of Reality (2021) and Seven Principles of Nature: How We Strayed and How We Return (2025).

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In this conversation, we explore Aldrich's synthesis of neuropsychology, Taoism and evolutionary mismatch theory — his SAD theory (separation, alienation, discord), the seven principles of nature (CPR WEST), subcortical midline structures and our original experience of connectedness, and what it means to live in alignment with nature.

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🔗 Links
Aldrich's website: https://www.drchancnc.com
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/draldrichan
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/drchancnc
Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@drchancnc
Book: https://geni.us/7principlesofnature

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⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro - Neuropsychology meets Taoism
00:43 Seven Principles of Nature and the CPR WEST acronym
03:58 The SAD theory: separation, alienation and discord
04:53 The default mode network
06:29 The triple network: DMN, salience and central executive
10:05 The boat metaphor
12:58 Separation as a natural phase
15:16 Alienation and evolutionary mismatch theory
17:21 Movement mismatch
19:09 Social connection as the most obvious mismatch
21:07 The agricultural revolution's consequences
27:44 Discord and dualism
31:01 The nature–culture debate
36:23 CPR WEST unpacked
39:14 Creativity and uncertainty
41:18 Certainty is the death of a question
43:55 Vipassana and reframing the stress response
45:07 Two stress pathways
51:06 Chaos and order
52:57 Relationship and neuroecology
54:03 Multi-level selection theory
57:59 Ego boundary dissolution
1:00:58 Subcortical midline structures
1:02:04 Jung and archetypes as brainstem activity
1:05:28 Jung called himself a Taoist
1:06:03 Shadow integration and wholeness
1:08:42 Dynamic equilibrium
1:12:03 Flow states
1:13:52 Spontaneity and play
1:18:26 Transformation
1:19:52 Wrapping up
1:22:05 Where to find Aldrich
1:23:14 Guest recommendations

Dr. Erik Goodwyn is a practising psychiatrist with a background in neurobiology who bridges the worlds of neuroscience, Jungian psychology, and fantasy. Erik is co-editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Jungian Studies and has written dozens of academic papers along with books on the neurobiology of the gods, dreams, and archetypes. Last year he published his first fantasy novel, King of the Forgotten Darkness, which won the Literary Titan Golden Book Award.

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In this return visit, we dive deep into who actually creates the dream – the Invisible Storyteller that isn't your conscious self. We explore the neuroscience behind this, discussing the Default Mode Network, Salience Network, and Executive Control Network, and what they reveal about dreaming, meaning-making, and the deeply non-egoic nature of consciousness. Erik shares clinical insights into Dissociative Identity Disorder as evidence of an underlying organising principle, we tangle with what it means for consciousness to be "non-egoic," and we work through his groundbreaking definition of archetypes through Cognitive Metaphor Theory. It's a conversation that challenges everything you think you know about who you are.

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🔗 Links
- Erik's website: https://erikgoodwyn.com
- Erik's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@theimaginarium

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⏳ Timestamps:
00:00 Intro - The Invisible Storyteller
01:39 Greeting and reflections on James's reading
03:35 What is the Invisible Storyteller?
06:01 Jung's avoidance of reductionism through mythic language
08:16 The Default Mode Network and dreaming
10:27 The three networks: default mode, salience, and executive control
15:27 Memory consolidation, identity formation, emotional regulation, future planning
18:29 Is the Invisible Storyteller the unconscious?
22:18 Deeper processing independent of conscious ego
25:58 Recurrent dreams and the role of conscious engagement
28:40 The Invisible Storyteller as meaning-making
31:07 Dreams versus storytelling: memory Olympics and metaphor
36:58 The role of the right hemisphere and symbolism
41:04 The Invisible Storyteller as process or personality?
44:18 Dissociative Identity Disorder and organising principles
50:33 DID as evidence of an organising intelligence
55:43 The specificity of dissociative amnesia
58:22 Non-egoic consciousness and emergent properties
1:02:14 Consciousness arising from complex systems
1:05:44 AI image generation as analogy for dream creation
1:10:56 The Invisible Storyteller as personality versus ancestry and genome
1:15:32 Jungian vision and updating Jung's theory
1:18:40 Archetypes through Cognitive Metaphor Theory
1:22:37 Spontaneous thoughts and universal challenges
1:25:58 Primary metaphors and innate mappings
1:29:20 Danger and darkness as innate mappings
1:32:17 Definition of archetype and falsifiability
1:34:47 Building on Gary Clark's work and Anthony Stevens
1:36:25 Gratitude and future conversations

Adriana Forte is a Brazilian-born writer, facilitator, and developmental thinker currently based in a rural intentional community in Bellingen, New South Wales, Australia. Originally trained as a journalist, Adriana has spent years investigating the intersection of women's cyclical biology, embodied knowing, and the structures of modern life. She runs retreats and workshops through her Substack platform C-Lab (A Lab for a Cyclically Informed Society), and is currently completing a book on the spell of modernity and the role of the matriarch as a force for cultural repair.________________

In this conversation, James sits down with Adriana to explore one of the most under-examined questions in contemporary culture: what happens when society is built around a linear, continuous model of productivity — and half the population runs on a fundamentally cyclical one? Drawing on her own journey from Brazil through Hong Kong and India to off-grid life in rural Australia, Adriana maps the hormonal landscape of the female cycle and argues that the oscillation between estrogen and progesterone doesn't just produce moods — it produces a distinct mode of subjectivity, perception, and thought. We explore the cultural erasure of rites of passage, the psychological costs of the contraceptive pill, the wisdom encoded in perimenopause and menopause, and why Adriana believes the matriarch — the post-menopausal woman — may be the missing counter-energy to the relentless forward drive of modernity. The conversation moves through evolutionary biology, embodied philosophy, grassroots community-building, and genuine hope for a more rhythmically intelligent future.________________

You can find Adriana's work at:

Substack (C-Lab): https://theclab.substack.com/

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⏳ Timestamps:
0:00 Intro - Our Bellingen Connection
5:41 How Adriana ended up on this journey
12:56 Critique of Modernity and Birth Interventions
15:23 Rhythms and female psychology
24:38 A map of the menstrual cycle
39:11 The Influence of Modernity on Women’s Psyche
45:59 Transgender and phenomenology of hormones
52:01 The oscillating nature of female psychology
59:25 The spell of the System on modern psychology
1:09:15 The challenge of organising around cyclical society
1:15:03 Adriana’s Matriarch Book
1:18:43 Where to get more from Adriana
1:19:39 Adriana’s Guest Recommendation

Dr. Michael R. Montgomery (PhD, MA, MSc, MSW, LCSW) is an existential psychoanalyst who represents a radical wing of contemporary depth psychology—one deeply influenced by R.D. Laing's anti-psychiatry tradition, phenomenology, and a fierce commitment to humanising extreme mental states. Based between Boston, Massachusetts and having deep roots in post-conflict Belfast, Montgomery positions himself as both clinician and activist, bridging psychoanalytic practice with community healing, peace work, and cultural critique.
His signature concept—"psychophobia" (society's fear of the mind and extreme mental states)—anchors a body of work challenging psychiatric medicalisation, advocating for phenomenological approaches that honour lived experience, and reclaiming psychosis, mania, and other "extreme states" as potentially transformative rather than purely pathological.
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In this conversation, Michael Montgomery shares his journey through various philosophical and spiritual traditions, emphasising the importance of bridging Eastern and Western thought in psychotherapy. He discusses the role of silence, community, and personal experience in healing, while also addressing the complexities of faith and human nature. The dialogue explores the concept of psychophobia and the transformative power of music and community in fostering connection and understanding.
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🔗 Links
- Michael's podcast: https://psychophobia.com/
- Michael's website: https://drmontgomery.com/
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⏳Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:34 How Michael knows Jon Mills
03:04 The art of speaking across ideological lines
04:36 Michael's relationship with Buddhism
08:00 Existential psychoanalysis
09:33 The R.D. Laing lineage
12:06 The importance of existential psychotherapy
13:02 Michael's experience growing up in the Troubles in Belfast
13:43 Michael's quest for answers
16:26 Michael's World Record attempt in the silent room
21:23 The endurance of spiritual lineages
22:38 Why no peace on Earth?
26:19 What Buddhism offers
27:26 The revival of relationship with Christianity
31:43 Does God exist?
37:02 What is psychophobia?
46:47 The McDonaldisation of healthcare
52:12 Michael's disillusion with the mental health system
57:21 Plurality: do we have many selves?
01:06:41 Michael's experience with dreams and consciousness
01:08:53 Elevated states and mental health
01:14:35 How dreams can change your perception of reality
01:17:08 Voices, language patterns and the nature of psyche
01:21:06 Michael's guest recommendation: Ken Wilber
01:22:11 Where to get more from Michael

Layman Pascal is a Canadian "feral philosopher" and host of The Integral Stage podcast who has become a central connector and theorist in the overlapping worlds of metamodernism, integral theory, and Game B. His signature contributions—the Metaphysics of Adjacency, the Integration Surplus Model of spirituality, and Metashamanics—offer a sophisticated yet playful bridge between abstract philosophy and embodied transformation. Known for his capacity to hold complexity with humour, Pascal brings both philosophical rigour and playful irreverence to questions of meaning-making in an age of metacrisis.

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In this conversation, we talk Nietzsche, metashamanism, and the ontology and epistemology of entities.We delve into the role of personal experience in shaping philosophical thought, and the implications of neurodiversity in understanding shamanic practices. The dialogue also touches on the nature of imagination, creativity, and the unpredictability of inspiration, exploring our different approaches to life from the moist pragmatism to dry scholarism.

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🔗 More from Layman

Layman's website: https://www.laymanpascal.com/

Layman's Substack: https://laymanpascal.substack.com/

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⏳ Timestamps:

00:00 Intro - the Feral Philosopher

03:19 Blaise Pascal's spiritual note

05:18 Nietzsche and the irrationality of philosophers

08:55 The power of irrationality in humanity's story

10:41 Layman's book on Nietzsche

12:00 The Integral Nietzsche

14:13 What if Nietzsche hadn't gone mad?

16:06 The enlightened Nietzsche

19:33 The shamanic Nietzsche

22:04 What is metashamanics?

23:07 Shamanic neurodivergence

26:26 Attributes of the well-adjusted shaman

28:33 Liminality and the epochal emergence of the shamanic

31:31 The shamanoid Elvis

33:17 The reality of entities

37:05 Layman Pascal: pragmatist?

47:12 The power of trance

51:50 The muse as entity

56:34 Layman's guest recommendation

57:59 More from Layman

Dr Stefano Carpani is an Italian Jungian psychoanalyst, lecturer at the C.G. Jung Institute Zürich, and scientific consultant at Pacifica Graduate Institute. At 46, he has emerged as a leading voice amongst a new generation of Jungian thinkers, bridging depth psychology with sociology, critical theory, and contemporary political questions.

In this conversation, Stefano and I explore the landscape of contemporary Jungian thought, beginning with his distinction between Jungian, post-Jungian, and neo-Jungian approaches—where neo-Jungians like himself aim to make analytical psychology relevant to 21st-century crises beyond the consulting room. We discuss his I+I theory, which synthesises Jung's individuation with sociologist Ulrich Beck's individualization, arguing that contemporary identity formation requires both psychological and sociological lenses to understand. Stefano shares insights from his award-winning work on the fall of the Berlin Wall, explaining how the numinous—an autonomous psychic force Jung described—operates in collective historical transformation, suggesting that major shifts require not just political will but adequate psychic conditions and "the attraction of the symbol." We explore the concept of enantiodromia, Jung's idea that psychological and cultural movements tend to revert to their opposites when pushed too far, applying this to contemporary political polarisation and populism. Throughout, Stefano makes a compelling case for why Jungian analysts must engage courageously with war, democracy, and social transformation, bringing depth psychology out of the clinic and into public discourse.

🔗 Links

- For Jungian monthly talks organised by Stefano: https://www.instagram.com/jungianeum_/ and https://www.youtube.com/@psychosocialwednesdays1944/videos

- Stefano's YouTube page: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHpWRYvgyhifcVkNGk9Tq-A

⏳ Timestamps:

00:00 Intro

01:08 Stefano, the international Jungian

02:21 Jungians vs. Post-Jungians vs. Neo-Jungians

07:27 The Post-Jungians

10:15 The Neo-Jungians

12:50 Classical Jungians vs. Developmental vs. Archetypal

15:40 James's case for a Jungian textbook

20:01 The Jungian language barrier

23:20 The hindrance of jargon

27:11 Stefano's sociological Jungian work

31:49 Bringing the unconscious into everyday life

34:52 Covid through the lens of Jung

35:49 The fallacy of the end of history

38:05 The fall of the Berlin Wall as a numinous event

43:33 Moments of memetic infection

47:16 History makers as artists

49:42 Jungian lens on contemporary politics

50:53 Returning to memetic infection

58:24 What is enantiodromia?

01:00:12 Populism and energetic release

01:04:33 Stefano's guest recommendations

01:05:18 Where to find out more about Stefano

Get Jon's book "End of the World: Civilization and Its Fate": https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/end-of-the-world-9781538189016/

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Dr Jon Mills is a philosopher-psychoanalyst and Honorary Professor at the University of Essex, whose work bridges Hegelian philosophy, psychoanalytic theory, and contemporary existential threats facing civilisation. With over 35 books to his name—including five Gradiva Award winners—Jon has spent decades developing what he calls “dialectical psychoanalysis,” a rigorous philosophical framework for understanding the unconscious mind. His latest work, which we’re discussing in this episode, confronts an uncomfortable question: does humanity possess a collective death drive that propels us towards self-destruction?

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You can find Jon’s work at:

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Website: https://www.philosophypsychoanalysis.com

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Publications: https://www.philosophypsychoanalysis.com/academics-psychoanalysis-philosophy

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In this conversation, I sit down with Jon to explore the darkest questions about our species’ future. We examine whether humanity harbours a death wish, diving into the multiple existential crises threatening civilisation—climate change, nuclear weapons, AI risks, geopolitical conflict, and overpopulation/demographic collapse. Jon brings his formidable philosophical toolkit to bear on these challenges, drawing from Hegel, Freud, and his own dialectical framework to understand how good and evil operate simultaneously in human affairs. We debate techno-optimism versus existential pessimism, explore the psychology behind apocalyptic thinking, and we talk about my previous episode on secular eschatology and we discuss what that reveals about our relationship with mortality. We’re left with the question of whether our species can transcend its self-destructive patterns or whether we’re inexorably drawn towards catastrophe.

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⏳Timestamps

00:00 James’s Intro
01:21 Claude AI’s intro to Jon
02:16 Jon’s prolific output
02:59 Does humanity have a death wish?
04:13 The collective forces at play
05:57 Collective and the collective unconscious
09:03 What we mean by humanity - metaphor or reality?
11:03 The crises facing humanity today
12:25 What Jon wanted to achieve with the book
15:45 Universal pessimism?
19:41 James on demographic collapse
23:29 Poverty decline globally
25:21 Optimism on climate
26:09 China and the Thucydides Trap
27:45 James on AI concerns
28:16 Negative trends in prejudice and freedom
31:03 The psychology of the Thucydides Trap
34:35 Good and evil are operative at once
36:43 James’s secular eschatology thesis
41:45 Why are most apocalypse predictions Western?
43:26 Apocalypse as death-cope
44:39 Apocalypse as unmet need gone rotten?
45:35 Jon’s relationship with death
48:18 Jon’s guest recommendation: Michael Montgomery

PF Jung is a YouTube content creator renowned for making the meme of "Enlightened Centrism" great again. He's a self-styled "memetic feudal lord" and "applied sociologist" who has gotten himself in trouble for his attempts to bridge the polarities in society and seeking to bring the far right and far left together. He creates philosophical and political commentary content exploring nuanced positions that resist tribal categorisation, though this approach has led to significant challenges navigating the online political space.

You can find Paul's work at:

YouTube: youtube.com/@PFJung

In this conversation, I sit down with Paul to explore the crisis facing political nuance in online spaces. We discuss his co-opting of the Enlightened Centrism meme, why holding mixed political views has become increasingly difficult to sustain online, and the exhausting work of maintaining charitable interpretation when everyone wants the fight. Paul shares his experience growing a channel whilst managing contradictions, navigating the Peterson-adjacent space, and what it means to be at the "edge of the inside" of multiple political communities. We also explore why the online political warzone demands tribal allegiance and whether there's still room for complexity in an era of constant gotchas and worst-case interpretations.

⏳ Timestamps

00:00 James's Intro
01:15 What is Enlightened Centrism? Paul's co-opted meme
02:49 Defining the position: right-wing and left-wing on different issues
04:00 Contradictions of Centrism
05:08 Crisis of National Identity
13:15 Horseshoe Theory vs Fishhook Theory
16:56 The Political Divide
20:29 PF Jung's most right-wing belief
22:40 Economic shifts and onshoring
23:43 Critique of the US economy
26:42 Economic decadence and hyper-novelty
30:52 Radical Centrism in action
36:50 Constitution treated as religion
42:28 Type I vs Type II errors in governance
43:46 Radical solution for digital culture
45:15 PF Jung's axiom of faith
48:06 Populist movements and preference cascades
1:00:33 Identity crisis of the channel
1:17:47 Edge of the Inside archetype
1:25:58 Guest recommendation

Brendan Graham Dempsey is a metatheory researcher at the Institute of Applied Metatheory and host of the Metamodern Meaning podcast. His work bridges evolutionary theory, developmental psychology, and worldview studies, bringing empirical rigour to questions about how human consciousness and culture evolve. His latest book, Psyche and Symbolic Learning, is the second in a planned ten-volume series exploring these themes through the lens of hierarchical complexity and neo-Piagetian developmental frameworks.

You can find Brendan’s work at:
Metamodern Meaning podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@BrendanGrahamDempsey
Brendan’s Substack: https://brendangrahamdempsey.substack.com/
Brendan’s website: https://www.brendangrahamdempsey.com/

Our previous chats:

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Philosophy Wisdom and Metamodernism

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Critiquing Metamodernism

In this conversation, Brendan introduces me to the ambitious world of metatheory – an attempt to create a unified, coherent understanding of all human knowledge by bridging disciplines from neuroscience to sociology to the humanities. We explore his new role researching worldviews empirically at the Institute of Applied Metatheory, where he’s working to bring scientific rigour to questions that have long been speculative: Can we measure the complexity of worldviews? Do cultures develop through predictable stages? How complex is the Bible compared to Homer, or a text message to your mam? We dive deep into hierarchical complexity, a psychological framework that quantifies the sophistication of thinking across domains and time periods. Brendan shares fascinating research comparing the cognitive complexity of ancient religious texts, from early biblical narratives to the Epic of Gilgamesh, revealing how literacy transforms meaning-making structures. We discuss the difference between metatheory and interdisciplinary work, why spiral dynamics isn’t quite a metatheory, and how this research programme aims to give metamodernism and integral theory the empirical grounding they’ve long needed. This is a conversation for those curious about the big questions: How does all human knowledge fit together? Can we study worldviews scientifically? And what does it mean to truly understand complexity?

⏳ Timestamps
00:00 James’s Intro
01:30 Brendan’s new role at the Institute of Applied Metatheory
03:24 What is metatheory? Situating theories within a bigger picture
06:05 Cognitive science vs. metatheory: Where are the edges?
07:37 Consilience and the unified theory of knowledge
10:27 What is the “normal science” of metatheory?
15:14 Applying metatheory: From integral medicine to worldview research
20:48 Systematising worldview terminology: Paradigms, gestalts, and meaning-making structures
23:03 Measuring cognitive complexity in texts
24:11 Can we validate developmental claims empirically?
25:08 Hierarchical complexity and neo-Piagetian psychology
28:30 Dynamic skill theory: Why you’re not “at a stage”
32:30 What does complexity mean? Is it like IQ?
33:00 Complexity as a scale of task performance, not hardware
35:05 Skill webs and context-dependent performance
37:12 Measuring texts: From texting your mam to ancient scriptures
42:14 Scoring the Bible: Early narratives vs. scribal texts
44:43 The documentary hypothesis and complexity differences in biblical sources 45:09 Literacy’s impact: Hunter-gatherer texts vs. scribal complexity
46:24 Homer, Gilgamesh, and the wisdom of Ptahhotep: Comparing ancient complexity
49:48 Translation challenges in measuring ancient texts
56:49 Education, zip codes, and complexity gaps
59:28 Why developmental models are more optimistic than IQ
1:04:24 Metatheory and metamodernism: How they relate
1:03:15 Testing metamodern and integral claims about worldview development
1:04:24 Metatheory and metamodernism: How they relate
1:10:21 Integral theory and the metamodern landscape
1:12:03 Guest recommendations: Layman Pascal and Nick Headland
1:14:08 Where to find Brendan

"The protection of interiority is the central motivation of Metamodernism." So says Greg Dember, a Seattle-based musician, songwriter and independent researcher in Metamodernism. As the co-founder of the What Is Metamodern? website with Linda Ceriello, PhD, Greg’s writing and podcast appearances speaking on metamodernism have helped popularize the terminology outside of academic discourse through accessible writing. He is the author of Say Hello To Metamodernism!: Understanding Today’s Culture of Ironesty, Felt Experience, and Empathic Reflexivity (2024 Exact Rush). He is also a co-editor of the forthcoming multi-author volume, My Impossible Soul: The Metamodern Music of Sufjan Stevens (Bloomsbury/Lexington). He holds a BA (1987) from Yale University.

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Greg and Linda's Metamodern site - https://www.whatismetamodern.com

Greg's article on the 11 methods of Metamodernism - https://medium.com/what-is-metamodern/after-postmodernism-eleven-metamodern-methods-in-the-arts-767f7b646cae

Greg's book on Metamodernism - https://www.amazon.com/Say-Hello-Metamodernism-Understanding-Reflexivity/dp/B0DHGFKZ8W/

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In this conversation, I sit down with Greg to explore metamodernism as the cultural backdrop that's emerged since roughly 2000, taking over from postmodernism's ironic detachment. We discuss how metamodernism oscillates between modern earnestness and postmodern irony to defend the significance of interiority and felt experience. Greg introduces his framework of 11 metamodern methods—including empathic reflexivity and the double frame—and we examine how artists like the Daniels (Everything Everywhere All At Once), Wes Anderson, Bo Burnham, and even The Beatles navigate this territory. The conversation ranges from David Letterman's evolution to Don Quixote as a proto-metamodern text, exploring how this sensibility has spread from indie niches into mainstream culture, and what it means for how we make and experience art today.

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⏳Timestamps

0:00 Episode Intro2:26 Greg's current work: Sufjan Stevens book3:26 What is metamodernism? Cultural backdrop since 20104:50 From modernism to postmodernism to metamodernism7:36 David Letterman: from postmodern irony to Metamodern maturity10:32 The oscillation between modern and postmodern attributes12:26 Jimmy Fallon and the trend toward sincere enthusiasm15:56 Felt experience vs. detached observation19:26 Bo Burnham's Metamodern masterpiece "Inside"24:31 Rick Glassman and the Dance of Irony25:26 The new sincerity and its relationship to metamodernism28:26 Defending interiority as Metamodernism's central motivation31:38 From indie niches to mainstream: Billie Eilish and Taylor Swift33:29 Everything Everywhere All At Once: metamodernism as hell38:26 Wes Anderson and the metamodern sensibility39:28 The 11 metamodern methods framework40:31 Method #1: Empathic reflexivity40:56 Method #2: Oscillation between modern/postmodern dualities41:24 Method #3: The double frame (Raoul Eshelman)44:26 Quirky as a metamodern aesthetic46:26 Irony vs. cynicism: an important distinction49:26 Don Quixote as proto-metamodern?53:26 History rhymes: Shakespeare, Nietzsche, and cultural crossroads57:26 Exploring quirky and other metamodern methods59:39 Play, playfulness, and Wes Anderson1:01:01 Method #4: Meta-cute1:01:46 Moonrise Kingdom and Fantastic Mr. Fox as meta-cute1:03:56 Protecting interiority: the motivation behind metamodern art1:04:56 Metamodernism as reclaiming something eternally human1:06:26 Sufjan Stevens and the Illinois album1:07:16 Proto-metamodern vs. actually metamodern: the key distinction1:08:26 The Metamodern "Rocky Racoon"1:12:29 The Proto Metamodern Morrissey and The Smiths1:14:43 Guest recommendation: Linda Ceriello1:14:58 Where to find Greg's work

Dr. Erik Goodwyn is a practising psychiatrist with a background in neurobiology who bridges the worlds of neuroscience, Jungian psychology, and fantasy. Erik is co-editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Jungian Studies and as well as dozens of academic papers he has written books on the neurobiology of the gods, dreams, and archetypes, and this year published his first fantasy novel, King of the Forgotten Darkness, which won the Literary Titan Golden Book Award.

You can find Erik's work at:Website: https://erikgoodwyn.comYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@theimaginarium

In this conversation, I sit down with Erik to explore the neuroscience of dreams and their connection to creativity, trauma, and healing. We dive deep into how the default mode network operates during dreaming, why dreams create "as if" narratives to help us make sense of our lives, and how the psyche uses metaphor to consolidate memory, regulate emotions, and plan for the future. Erik shares fascinating insights from his clinical work, including how trauma dreams evolve during the healing process and why some dreams seem to bookend creative projects. We also venture into the realm of fantasy literature, discussing how writers like Tolkien and Sanderson use fantastical elements to tell deeply human stories about real lived experiences.

⏳Timestamps
00:00 James's Intro
01:31 Beginning: Wyoming, Mountain Time, and writing fantasy
03:24 Architects vs. Gardeners: Erik's writing process
08:16 The divine child archetype in therapy dreams
09:13 "as if": how dreams create meaning through metaphor
11:58 Dreams in crisis mode vs. exploratory mode (PTSD example)
15:08 Memory consolidation and forward planning in dreams
16:37 The default mode network during dreaming
19:32 Creativity and the default mode network
24:19 Dream sequences: Exploration of themes across multiple dreams
29:27 The body's natural healing process through dreams
40:58 Ernest Hartman and contextualizing metaphors
42:14 What is fantasy really about? Beyond escapism
43:01 Tolkien's Lord of the Rings as meditation on the problem of evil
43:04 Evil and grace in Middle-earth
45:29 Morgoth, Sauron, and the continuation of evil
46:37 Guest recommendation: Stefano Carpani
47:19 Where to find Erik

https://cjthex.com/subscribe → subscribe to CJ's mailing list for all things CJ the X

https://tinyurl.com/asdi708uo → buy tickets to CJ's show in San Francisco, CA on the 10th October

I sat down with CJ the X recently to discuss the creative process, pragmatism, their recent world tour and later in the weird world of dreams. We also talk about the topic that first brought us together many moons ago: Jordan Peterson and CJ's year long deep dive into him that dragged him deeper into the philosophical quest.

⏳Timestamps:

00:00 - Introduction

01:39 - Reflections on CJ's Intercontinental Speaking Tour

05:56 - Wrestling with the need to be right

10:27 - Play, fear and the creative process

15:27 - Colonised by the algorithm

17:47 - Search for Signal

19:27 - Exploring the Balance of Routine and Passion

23:52 - Flywheel or Passion?

26:14 - CJ's journey from chaotic fun to serious philosophy

27:33 - CJ done with YouTube?

32:28 - CJ's Jordan Peterson video

36:28 - James's struggle with intellectual responsibility

40:43 - CJ on why passion has to be the guide

44:18 - Is CJ a Platonist or a Pragmatism

45:55 - CJ on the sacred and the profane

47:11 - James on holding knowledge lightly

48:39 - The Metaphysical Club

49:48 - The strands of pragmatism

50:34 - C.S. Peirce

51:18 - William James and Peirce's Relationship

53:44 - Pragmatism and Jordan Peterson

55:55 - What is Pragmatism?

57:17 - Pragmatism vs. Postmodernism

1:00:48 - Is Western civilisation the peak?

1:01:35 - Peterson's Pragmatic Christianity

1:04:19 - The dangers of high status

1:05:51 - CJ's lessons learned from speaking tour

1:11:28 - CJ's Anti-mimetic attitude

1:14:55 - James starting Jungian Masters

1:15:38 - James on Dreams

1:16:55 - CJ's troubled relationship with the dreamworld

1:19:32 - Dreams and creativity

1:24:40 - CJ on James's excessive curiosity

1:26:18 - CJ's read on James's alien dreams

1:27:36 - Connection between dreams and creativity

1:30:01 - James wants to study CJ's dreams

1:34:44 - Wrapping up

1:35:27 - CJ's Guest Recommendations

"Jung was essentially an evolutionary theorist". These are the words of Gary Clark, a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Medical Sciences at the University of Adelaide in Australia, who has written a book on the intersection of Jungian Analytical Psychology and evolutionary neuroscience.

If you want to learn more about Gary you can check out his book "Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences: A New Vision for Analytical Psychology" (and grab a free PDF of its intro) here. You can also dive into the rest of his work on academia.edu and ResearchGate.

In this conversation, I sit down with Gary to explore the intersection of Jungian psychology and evolutionary neuroscience, examining how recent psychedelic research provides empirical validation for Jung's theories about the collective unconscious and archetypes. We discuss how modern neuroscience, particularly studies of primary and secondary consciousness systems, maps onto Jung's framework of ego consciousness versus deeper archetypal layers. The conversation covers the revolutionary potential of psychedelic research for studying previously inaccessible aspects of consciousness and Jung's prescient evolutionary approach to depth psychology.

⏳Timestamps
00:00 James's Intro
01:07 Opening and situating Gary's work
03:35 Affective Neuroscience and the Primary and Secondary layers of consciousness
09:00 Psychedelics, the numinous and evolutionary theory
22:17 Have we found the (neuroscientific) archetypes?
28:40 Psychedelics and the Collective Unconscious
34:53 Jordan Peterson's Jungian synthesis
36:57 Peterson gets chimpanzees and ancient humans wrong
46:01 Leaving Jung behind: Depth Psychology maturation as a science
58:50 Mapovers between Iain McGilchrist's work and Gary's
1:01:19 What Gary's working on now
1:07:32 Gary's guest recommendation: Erik Goodwyn

This episode is an exploration of the allegations of racism against Jung and looks at some possible defences of Jung. Since Dalal published Jung: A Racist in 1988 there has been something of an open crisis in Jungian circles regarding the extent of the issue and what is to be done about it. This episode is about laying out the issue in as clear a way as possible. To learn more about the schism in the Jungian community see Samuels 2019 in the Further Reading section below. ____________________ 📚 References: - Hannah, B. (1976). Jung: His Life and His Work. New York: Putnam - Jung, C.G. (1909) Report on America. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 18. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Jung, C.G. (1927) Woman in Europe. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 10. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Jung, C.G. (1927a) Mind and Earth. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 10. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Jung, C.G. (1930) The Complications of American Psychology. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 10. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Jung, C.G. (1930) A Radio Talk in Munich. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 18. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Jung, C. G. (1935). The Tavistock lectures. In The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, vol. 18. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Jung, C. G. (1989). Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Vintage Books. - Radin, P. (1927). Primitive Man as Philosopher. New York: D. Appleton and Company - Shamdasani, S. (2003). Jung and the making of modern psychology: The dream of a science. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 📚 Further Reading: - Dalal F (1988) Jung: A Racist. British Journal of Psychotherapy 4(3): 263–279. - Collins J (2009) ‘Shadow Selves’: Jung, Africa and the Psyche. Interventions 11(1). Routledge: 69–80. - Brewster F (2013) Wheel of Fire: The African American Dreamer and Cultural Consciousness. Jung Journal 7(1): 70–87. - Brewster F (2017) African Americans and Jungian Psychology: Leaving the Shadows. London: Routledge. - Samuels A (2018) Jung and ‘Africans’: a critical and contemporary review of some of the issues. International Journal of Jungian Studies 10(2). Brill: 122–134. - Samuels A (2019) Notes on the Open Letter on Jung and ‘Africans’ published in the British Journal of Psychotherapy, November 2018. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society 24(2): 217–229. - Johnson, J. (2020) Being white, being Jungian: implications of Jung’s encounter with the ‘non-European’ other1. The Journal of analytical psychology 65(4). J Anal Psychol. - Carter C (2021) Time for space at the table: an African American - Native American analyst-in-training’s first-hand reflections. A call for the IAAP to publicly denounce (but not erase) the White supremacist writings of C.G. Jung. The Journal of analytical psychology 66(1). J Anal Psychol. ________________ ⭐ Support the channel (thank you!) ▶ Patreon: https://patreon.com/thelivingphilosophy ▶ Ko-fi: https://ko-fi.com/thelivingphilosophy _________________ 💬 More from The Living Philosophy ▶ Discord https://discord.gg/XNd4gTpfu9 ▶ 📨 Subscribe with email: https://thelivingphilosophy.substack.com/ ________________ 🎼 Media Used: 1. Eye - Hara Noda 2. Five Leaves - Hara Noda 3. Anew - Hara Noda 4. Goodnight Mr. Malone - Bladverk Band 5. Mural - Hara Noda 6. Waltz for Maybe - Jonah Aardekke All music courtesy of www.epidemicsound.com _________________ ⌛ Timestamps: 0:00 Introduction 2:13 Jung: A Racist 5:46 One African Race 8:53 Nature Over Nurture 11:31 Jung on African Americans 16:58 Defence 1: Primitive Compliment 19:21 Defence 2: Man of His Times 21:50 Implications