Turbulence

Hassan joins us to discuss the making of the modern Ethiopian state, the revolutionary struggles that overthrew the monarchy and the Derg, the rise and fall of TPLF rule, and Abiy Ahmed’s drive toward another war with Eritrea.

Works mentioned: American Utopia

Acronym Guide:

TPLF — Tigray People’s Liberation Front: Former guerrilla movement that led the coalition governing Ethiopia from 1991 to 2018.

EPLF — Eritrean People’s Liberation Front: Movement that led Eritrea’s struggle for independence and took power in 1991.

ELF — Eritrean Liberation Front: Earlier Eritrean independence movement, eventually displaced by the EPLF.

EPRDF — Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front: TPLF-led ruling coalition that governed Ethiopia from 1991 until its dissolution in 2019.

EPRP — Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party: Marxist revolutionary organization that opposed the Derg military regime.

AESM (MEISON) — All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement: Marxist organization that initially supported the Derg before being violently suppressed.

OLF — Oromo Liberation Front: Oromo nationalist movement advocating self-determination.

OPDO — Oromo People’s Democratic Organization: Oromo constituent party of the EPRDF, later renamed the Oromo Democratic Party.

OLA — Oromo Liberation Army: Armed Oromo nationalist insurgent organization.

ONLF — Ogaden National Liberation Front: Somali nationalist movement seeking self-determination for Ethiopia’s Somali Region.

ENDF — Ethiopian National Defense Forces: Ethiopia’s federal military.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

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Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Researcher: KC

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

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We discuss Lula’s victory in Brazil, Flavio’s exile in Miami, the results of the Israeli legislative elections, Bibi’s grand strategy, the Mecca Alliance in Tehran, and how UAE relates to the world-system.

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We discuss the widening war in Sudan, the UAE’s destabilization campaigns, the convergence of conflicts across the Horn of Africa, and whether the disintegration of the international order is giving rise to a global civil war.

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We discuss Mamdani’s capitulation to the NYPD, Indigenous resistance to border militarization, Ansarallah’s war with Saudi Arabia, Trump’s Ukraine problem, and Erik Prince’s mercenary operations in Congo and Haiti.

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We continue our discussion with Mamyrah Dougé-Prosper on the history of popular resistance in Haiti, the contradictions of the Aristide era, the PetroCaribe protests of 2018, and the current struggle for sovereignty from below.

Mamyrah Dougé-Prosper is an Assistant Professor of Global and International Studies at the University of California, Irvine. She is also the director of the Center for Racial Justice at UCI. Dougé-Prosper’s work generally focuses on Black social movements. More specifically, her research centers around protest movements in 21st century Haiti. Dougé-Prosper has published in political magazines such as Black Agenda Report, LeftEast, Phenomenal World, Jacobin and NACLA as well as academic journals such as Women’s Studies Quarterly, International Studies Review, Kalfou, Small Axe, PoLAR and the Journal of Haitian Studies. She is completing her first manuscript titled Nation Against State: Development Contested in Occupied Haiti. Dougé-Prosper is currently a board member of Grassroots International. Between 2018 and 2024, she served as the coordinator of the Pan-African Solidarity Network with Community Movement Builders.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

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Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Researcher: KC

Mix: Jasper Saba

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

Mamyrah Dougé-Prosper joins us to discuss the history of foreign intervention in Haiti, the political and economic origins of the country’s so-called gangs, and the centuries-long struggle between the Haitian state and popular sovereignty.

Mamyrah Dougé-Prosper is an Assistant Professor of Global and International Studies at the University of California, Irvine. She is also the director of the Center for Racial Justice at UCI. Dougé-Prosper’s work generally focuses on Black social movements. More specifically, her research centers around protest movements in 21st century Haiti. Dougé-Prosper has published in political magazines such as Black Agenda Report, LeftEast, Phenomenal World, Jacobin and NACLA as well as academic journals such as Women’s Studies Quarterly, International Studies Review, Kalfou, Small Axe, PoLAR and the Journal of Haitian Studies. She is completing her first manuscript titled Nation Against State: Development Contested in Occupied Haiti. Dougé-Prosper is currently a board member of Grassroots International. Between 2018 and 2024, she served as the coordinator of the Pan-African Solidarity Network with Community Movement Builders.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

Episode Guide:

* MINUSTAH — United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (2004–2017). Brazil-led UN peacekeeping mission established following the removal of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

* MINUJUSTH — United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (2017–2019). Successor to MINUSTAH, focused on policing and judicial institutions.

* BINUH — United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (2019–present). UN political mission supporting governance, security, and human rights.

* MSS — Multinational Security Support Mission (2024–2026). Kenya-led multinational security force authorized by the UN Security Council.

* GSF — Gang Suppression Force (2026–present). Multinational force authorized to combat armed groups in Haiti.

* FRAPH — Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti. Paramilitary organization implicated in repression following the 1991 coup against Aristide.

* PHTK — Parti Haïtien Tèt Kale. Political party associated with former presidents Michel Martelly and Jovenel Moïse.

* G9 — G9 an Fanmi e Alye (G9 Family and Allies). Armed-group coalition associated with Jimmy Chérizier (“Barbecue”).

* ALBA — Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America. Regional cooperation initiative established by Venezuela and Cuba.

* IMF — International Monetary Fund. International financial institution involved in Haiti’s economic restructuring.

* OAS — Organization of American States. Regional intergovernmental organization.

* HOPE — Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act. U.S. trade-preference legislation for Haitian apparel.

* HELP — Haiti Economic Lift Program Act. U.S. legislation expanding trade preferences for Haitian textiles and apparel.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Researcher: KC

Mix: Jasper Saba

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com

We discuss the third anniversary of 10/7, the French school riots, Ansarallah’s continued offensive in Yemen, their use of FPV drones, the response from the Saudi-led “coalition,” and Iranian strikes on shipping in the Gulf.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at http://turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com

We discuss the upcoming Brazilian elections, US plans to invade Cuba, the end of the third (?) Iraq war, military escort missions in Hormuz, the detention of migrant children in Texas, and Netanyahu’s pre-election gambits.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

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In part two of our conversation with Nathan Tankus, we discuss the finance of settler colonialism—from the Ottoman Empire’s debt crisis to the foreign capital that financed Zionist settlement and facilitated Palestinian dispossession.

Nathan Tankus is a writer, researcher, and president of the publication Notes on the Crises. He is the author of the forthcoming book The Trump-Musk Payments Crisis: A 250-Year History, under contract with Viking Press. He is also the editor of We, Traitors: Bundist Writings on Zionism, Palestine, and Socialism, forthcoming from Haymarket.

Nathan has created a 70% off annual subscription discount for Turbulence listeners! Access here: https://www.crisesnotes.com/turbulence.

You can find Nathan on Bluesky or on Instagram.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

Full Bibliography for parts 1 and 2:

Beardsley Ruml, “Warm Springs Memorandum,” April 1, 1938, Box 1, Series II, Ruml Papers (University of Chicago Special Collections)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QX-moCOXe3sdIdb-D6nahgsZWDAP6gMe/view?usp=sharing

Collins, Robert M. The business response to Keynes, 1929–1964. Columbia University Press, 1981.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1krr_0HETyEGSS47b5tbNnd4yXf_Jciqi/view?usp=sharing

Blackstone, William E. “The Blackstone Memorial.” 1891. “To Show Kindness to Israel”: The Blackstone Memorial, Wheaton College Billy Graham Center Archives

https://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/docs/BlackstoneMemorial/intro.htm

Blackstone, William E. Jesus is Coming. Fleming H. Revell Company, 1898.

https://archive.org/details/JesusIsComing-raptureByWilliamW.e.b.Blackstone

Hudson, Michael. Super imperialism: The origin and fundamentals of US world dominance. Pluto Books, 2003 [1972].

https://www.crisesnotes.com/june2018manchesterspectrumofmonetarysovereignty/

https://www.crisesnotes.com/did-the-united-states-really-invade-iraq-because-it-started-pricing-oil-in-euros/

https://www.crisesnotes.com/the-oil-market-is-a-conventional-wisdom-processor/

Sabbagh-Khoury, Areej. Colonizing Palestine: The Zionist left and the making of the Palestinian Nakba. Stanford University Press, 2023.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c19cza2D0HpckCDmMUvamOVS2TnHIwYk/view?usp=sharing

Beirich, Eyshe, ed. We, Traitors: Bundist Writings on Palestine 1925–1938. Translated by Eyshe Beirich. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2027.

Parks, B. C., Zhang, S., Escobar, B., Walsh, K., Fedorochko, R., Vlasto, L., Zimmerman, J., Sickell, J., Bury, E., Joshi, A., Thome, L., Pandey, O., & Raja Manuri, V. P. R. 2025. Chasing China: Learning to Play by Beijing’s Global Lending Rules. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary

https://docs.aiddata.org/reports/chasing-china/Chasing_China_Full_Report.pdf

“We are a rich Nation; we can afford to pay for security and prosperity without having to sacrifice our liberties into the bargain. In the first century of our republic we were short of capital, short of workers and short of industrial production, but we were rich, very rich in free land, and free timber and free mineral wealth. The Federal Government of those days rightly assumed the duty of promoting business and relieving depression by giving subsidies of land and other resources. Thus, from our earliest days we have had a tradition of substantial government help to our system of private enterprise. But today the Government no longer has vast tracts of rich land to give away and we have discovered, too, that we must spend large sums of money to conserve our land from further erosion and our forests from further depletion.”

Roosevelt, Franklin D. “April 14, 1938: Fireside Chat 12: On the Recession.” Miller Center, University of Virginia, https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/april-14-1938-fireside-chat-12-recession

Herzl, Theodor. The Complete Diaries of Theodor Herzl. Edited by Raphael Patai, translated by Harry Zohn, vol. 1, Herzl Press / Thomas Yoseloff, 1960.

Herzl, Theodor. The Complete Diaries of Theodor Herzl. Edited by Raphael Patai, translated by Harry Zohn, vol. 2, Herzl Press / Thomas Yoseloff, 1960.

Herzl, Theodor. The Complete Diaries of Theodor Herzl. Edited by Raphael Patai, translated by Harry Zohn, vol. 3, Herzl Press / Thomas Yoseloff, 1960.

Portnoy, Samuel A., ed.. Vladimir Medem. The Life and the Soul of a Legendary Jewish Socialist. New York: Ktav, 1979.

Milgrim, Michael R. “An Overlooked Problem in Turkish–Russian Relations: The 1878 War Indemnity.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 9.4 (1978): 519-537.

Forstater, Mathew. “Taxation and primitive accumulation: the case of colonial Africa.” (2005).

https://web.archive.org/web/20100728002121id_/http://cas.umkc.edu/econ/economics/faculty/Forstater/papers/Forstater2005/RiPE%20Forstater.pdf

Merrino, Serena. “Currency and settler colonialism: the Palestinian case.” Review of International Political Economy 28.6 (2021): 1729-1750.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09692290.2020.1803951

Darity Jr, William. “African American reparations, Keynes, and the transfer problem.” Keynes for the Twenty-First Century: The Continuing Relevance of the General Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. 199-205.

Darity Jr, William A., and Andrea Kirsten Mullen. From here to equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the twenty-first century. UNC Press Books, 2022.

Nathan Tankus joins us to discuss the monetary foundations of American empire, how sanctions weaponize the global financial system, the possibility of China-led de-dollarization, and what’s really going on with the oil futures market.

This is part one of a two part episode. Part two, A Financial History of Zionism, will be released later this week on our paid feed.

Works mentioned: A Spectrum Approach to Monetary Sovereignty and our Dollar World; Did the United States Really Invade Iraq Because it Started Pricing Oil in Euros?; Chasing China: Learning to Play by Beijing’s Global Lending Rules; The Oil Market is a Conventional Wisdom Processor; Super Imperialism: The Economic Strategy of American Empire; The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.

Nathan Tankus is a writer, researcher, and president of the publication Notes on the Crises. He is the author of the forthcoming book The Trump-Musk Payments Crisis: A 250-Year History, under contract with Viking Press. He is also the editor of We, Traitors: Bundist Writings on Zionism, Palestine, and Socialism, forthcoming from Haymarket.

Nathan has created a 70% off annual subscription discount for Turbulence listeners! Access here: https://www.crisesnotes.com/turbulence.

You can find Nathan on Bluesky or on Instagram.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com

This week we’re joined by returning co-host Alexander Aviña, as well as friend of the show Barry with the NED, to go in depth on Ansarallah’s major ground offensive in Yemen, the downing of a Saudi F-15, and the US’s escalating violence in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Hassan Ould Moctar joins us to discuss Europe’s externalized border regime, the colonial history of race and territory in Mauritania, and how migration control, counterinsurgency, and development policy have fused across the Sahel.

Works mentioned: After Border Externalization: Migration, Race, and Labour in Mauritania.

Hassan Ould Moctar is a Fellow at the Merian Centre for Advanced Studies in the Maghreb, University of Tunis and former lecturer in the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at SOAS, University of London. His research focuses on the relationship between migration, borders, and development processes, with a regional focus on West and North Africa. He is the author of After Border Externalization: Migration, Race, and Labour in Mauritania, which is available open access from Bloomsbury Publishers.

To support migrants in Senegal and those facing deportation and border violence, consider donating to Boza Fii.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Researcher: KC

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

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We discuss the expanding conflict in Hormuz, Ansarallah’s lightning advance in Yemen, Trump’s oil problem, the surging anti-migrant right across the North Atlantic, and why Javier Milei is ratcheting up Argentine claims on Las Malvinas.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

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Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Kai Bosworth joins us to discuss the strange politics of the data center revolt, the AI boom’s place in the global energy system, and what the rise and fall of the climate movement can teach us about the struggles taking shape in its wake.

Works mentioned: Where is the U.S. climate movement?, Pipeline Populism: Grassroots Environmentalism in the 21st Century, AI Data Center Development in Frackland, Extraction: The Frontiers of Green Capitalism, The Production of Space

Kai Bosworth is a geographer and political ecologist, and an Associate Professor at the School of World Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. He is the author of Pipeline Populism: Grassroots Environmentalism in the 21st Century. His current book project is provisionally entitled Protectors of the Subsurface: Militant Investigation and Critical Imagination in Anti-Oil Activism.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Researcher: KC

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

We welcome Alex Aviña to Turbulence and discuss the Battle of Hormuz, Bessent’s economic D-Day for Iran, the US-Venezuela oil deal, the arrest of Fernando Cerimedo in Bolivia, and Trump’s war on the price of burger.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

Josef Burton joins us to discuss the transformation of immigration under Trump, the bureaucrats who administer US machinery of repression, and what intensifying coercion at home and imperial retreat abroad mean for our political future.

Works mentioned: One Woman’s Message From the Hell of ICE Detention

Josef Burton is a writer and former US diplomat who worked mainly on consular and immigration issues. He tweets at @PinstripeBungle

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

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In part two of our double episode with Mujamma Haraket, we discuss the history of Hamas, the relationship between Hamas and the Palestinian left, and how various factions of the resistance are approaching the upcoming Palestinian legislative elections.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

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Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Arlene Eisen joins us to discuss the transformations in the anti-war movement across the Vietnam War, the interrelation of feminism and anti-imperialism, and what decades of state repression can teach today’s movements about security and survival.

Works mentioned: In the Worldwide Family of Militant Women

Arlene Eisen has been a militant in the struggle against imperialism since the 1960s—first as a protester facing tear gas and later as a teacher and writer. She edited The Movement newspaper, and was a leading voice in the anti-imperialist women’s movement of the 1970s. For the next half century, she joined the anti-apartheid movement, the movement for justice in Palestine, including the olive harvest in the West Bank, the struggle for the right to return to New Orleans after Katrina, the movements against fascist U.S. police and their deputized militias and against the holocaust in Gaza—always standing in solidarity with national liberation struggles both inside and outside the U.S. Empire.

She is the author of Women of Viet Nam, Women and Revolution in Viet Nam, and the influential report Operation Ghetto Storm, which documented police killings of Black people in the United States. Her latest book, In The Worldwide Family of Militant Women, is a social history and memoir of revolutionary movements from 1962 to 1982. You can find her work here.

Please consider donating to the Meera Center for Gazan children in Egypt.

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe

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We discuss Iranian threats to strike Bulgaria, Russia supplying Iran with explosives and ammunition, the possibility of an Israel-Turkiye war, and the US reducing its military footprint in the pacific. We also bid a fond farewell to our dear Séamus.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at http://turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

Mujamma Haraket joins us to discuss negotiations over Hamas’ disarmament, the collaborator militias in Gaza, Khalil al-Hayya’s rise within Hamas, the movement’s evolving relationship with Ansarallah, and the future of Palestinian armed resistance.

Mujamma Haraket is a translator and academic researcher in political philosophy with a specialization in non-state actors, political Islam and the history of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas).

To support Palestinians in Gaza, consider donating through The Sameer Project.

We’re committed to independence and will never run ads or take money from institutions. That means Turbulence is entirely listener-funded.

For $5 a month, paid subscribers gain access to weekly news analysis bonus episodes, where we respond to events as they unfold, follow up on previous discussions, and draw connections across the conflicts shaping our world.

Most importantly, paid subscriptions make it possible for us to keep doing this work independently, week after week.

Subscribe today at turbulencepod.substack.com

Follow along on Twitter/X and Instagram @turbulence_pod

Theme: Eye for an Eye, Haram (2017)

Art: Vivek Venkatraman

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit https://turbulencepod.substack.com/subscribe