BIOACTIVE

What is living soil cannabis cultivation, and how do soil microbes, mineral balancing, and growing environments influence cannabis plants? On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Luna Whitcomb, an organic cannabis cultivator, consultant, writer, and breeder, to explore the science of living soil, soil food web ecology, plant nutrition, and terpene expression. With more than 18 years of cultivation experience across indoor, outdoor, greenhouse, and large-scale hemp operations, Luna shares how organic cultivation practices can support soil health, nutrient cycling, and the unique expression of cannabis genetics.

This conversation explores the differences between hydroponic cultivation and living soil, the concept of terroir, and how soil composition, microbial diversity, mineral availability, and light exposure may influence plant structure and aroma. Luna explains soil mineral balancing, soil testing, reusing and re-amending soil, composting, worm castings, insect frass, and the role of companion planting in nutrient cycling. The discussion also examines the risks associated with improperly composted animal manures, the challenges of managing pests and pathogens, and the limitations of current cannabis lab testing when it comes to measuring the full range of aroma compounds.

Dr. Riley Kirk and Luna also discuss cannabis cultivation across different regions, from the differences Luna observed between British Columbia and eastern Canada to her experience judging a Thai landrace cannabis competition. They explore the challenges of growing equatorial genetics outside their native environments, auto-deprivation greenhouses, large outdoor plants, and even the debate around using urine as a fertilizer. Whether you're interested in organic cannabis cultivation, living soil, soil microbiology, terpene science, or sustainable growing practices, this episode offers a deeper look at the ecology behind the plant.

Chapters

00:00 Meet Luna Whitcomb

00:35 Origin Story Growing Cannabis

02:41 Living Soil vs Hydro

05:56 Terroir Microbes Minerals

08:51 Getting Started Living Soil

12:30 Soil Testing Reuse

15:00 Can You Taste Living Soil

16:56 Consulting And Microscopy

20:56 Why Living Soil Matters

22:59 Compost Worms Frass

25:05 Manure Pathogen Risks

27:44 Pests Ecosystems Canada

29:45 Canada Flower Quality

31:03 BC Terroir Talk

31:52 Thailand Landrace Judging

32:11 What Landrace Means

33:59 Got Sick From Smoking

35:15 Solo Trip Into Mountains

37:37 Lanterns And Bamboo Bong

39:30 Growing Equatorial Genetics

41:35 Auto Dep Greenhouse

42:21 Monster Outdoor Plants

44:50 Companion Planting Science

46:36 Pee As Fertilizer Debate

48:26 Where To Find Luna

49:01 Seed Laws And Landrace Sales

50:26 Final Wrap Up

Connect with Luna Whitcomb

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lunallday/

Website and seed inventory: https://moongrownbotanicals.com/

Support the Bioactive Podcast

Support the show on Patreon for more cannabis science and educational content:

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Keep Up with Dr. Riley Kirk

https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/

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https://www.instagram.com/cannabichem/

https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

If you enjoy conversations about cannabis science, organic cultivation, soil microbiology, terpenes, and plant chemistry, subscribe to the Bioactive Podcast, leave a comment with your biggest takeaway, and share this episode with someone interested in the science of growing cannabis.

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What are cannabis terpenes, how do they influence aroma and consumer experiences, and what do we know about their safety? On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Dr. Shawna Vreeke, PhD, DABT, Head of Toxicology at True Terpenes, to explore the science of cannabis terpenes, terpene chemistry, cannabinoid interactions, and consumer safety. With a PhD in Chemistry focused on toxin formation in vape device aerosols and expertise in toxicology risk assessment, Shawna shares insights into what current research tells us about terpenes and where important questions remain unanswered.

They discuss the differences between cannabis-derived and botanically derived terpenes, how terpene profiles may influence cannabis effects, and why THC percentage alone doesn't tell the whole story. The conversation also examines terpene concentrations in vape cartridges, the effects of overheating and chemical degradation, vaping hardware standards, potentially harmful diluents, and the importance of science-based safety regulations. Shawna also explains how terpenes are studied in edibles, why consumer experiences matter, and how aroma, sensory testing, and quality control can help us better understand these complex compounds.

From the relationship between terpenes and the entourage effect to stereoisomers, cannabis aroma chemistry, and the limits of current research, this episode offers a deeper look at what we know about terpenes and what scientists are still working to understand.

Chapters

00:00 Meet Shauna Vrieki

02:27 Vape Crisis Lessons

03:55 Terpenes 101 Basics

05:06 Cannabis Aroma Diversity

08:16 Do Terpenes Affect You

13:02 Research Criticism Reality

14:31 Botanical vs Cannabis Terps

20:15 Terp Percent in Vape Carts

23:13 Hardware and Regulation Gaps

26:47 Overheating and Degradation

30:17 Edibles and Oral Metabolism

34:04 Safe Viscosity and Thinners

34:52 Safer Diluents Guide

35:36 PEG MCT PG Risks

36:53 Recalls And GMP Tracking

39:48 Terpene Myths And Shopping

42:03 Vape Habits And Safety

43:59 Indica Sativa By Aroma

46:45 Terpene Percent Ceiling

50:28 Isomers And Sensory QC

55:04 Loud Flavors Breakthrough

56:38 Favorite Terpenes Wrap

Connect with Dr. Shawna Vreeke

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/svreeke

Learn More About True Terpenes

Website: https://trueterpenes.com/

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Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Miyabe Shields for a deep dive into cannabis real-world data, cannabis consumption patterns, dosing, neurodivergent cannabis use, and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). As co-founders of the Network of Applied Pharmacognosy (NAP), Riley and Miyabe discuss the newly accessible Real Data Project, including what large-scale consumer data can reveal about how people actually use cannabis in their everyday lives.

They explore why terms like “heavy cannabis consumption” are difficult to define, how consumption can vary by dose and frequency, and what the data shows across different populations and consumption methods. They also discuss the importance of making real-world cannabis data accessible to consumers, researchers, patients, and healthcare professionals rather than keeping it behind academic paywalls or within highly controlled research settings.

The conversation also covers cannabis and neurodivergence, cannabis and mental health, the challenges of interpreting cannabis research, product chemistry and consumer experiences, terpene levels, cannabis aging, and how chemical data can eventually be connected with the way individual consumers actually feel after using a product.

Finally, Riley and Miyabe discuss their ECS-focused e-book, created to make information about the Endocannabinoid System more accessible to both new and experienced cannabis consumers, including practical information about dosing, lifestyle, sleep, exercise, diet, and understanding your own ECS.

Chapters

00:00 Giveaway!

00:53 Welcome to another NAP Time episode

01:27 What is the Real Data Project?

03:00 Why “heavy cannabis consumption” is difficult to define

04:25 Dose, frequency, and different types of cannabis consumers

06:05 What the consumption data is beginning to reveal

09:20 Real-world data on cannabis-infused beverages

11:39 Cannabis use and neurodivergent populations

14:27 What the data can and cannot tell us

17:45 Cannabis research, stigma, and risk factors

19:13 Barriers to cannabis as medicine

23:09 Real-world data vs. clinical trials and meta-analyses

29:45 Why cannabis chemistry alone doesn't tell the whole story

34:41 Making cannabis data accessible to everyone

39:00 How cannabis aroma preferences change over time

41:26 Terpenes, harshness, and the importance of mouthfeel

47:49 Connecting product chemistry with real-world effects

49:15 What happens to cannabis as it ages?

51:46 Explore the Real Data Project

52:26 A new Endocannabinoid System e-book

58:14 Building research with community feedback

59:06 What Miyabe and Riley are consuming right now

01:02:14 Final thoughts

Resources

Explore the Real Data Project / RWD Exchange:

https://rwdexchange.com/

Network of Applied Pharmacognosy (NAP):

https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

E-book Update

We really hope the e-book is ready by the time this episode airs, but we’re still working on finalizing the graphics! Once the e-book is ready, we’ll announce it on the podcast and through Patreon, so be sure to stay tuned for the official release.

Enter the Storz & Bickel VZ Giveaway:

https://forms.gle/gBLCEem9BwherVdYA

Connect With Dr. Miyabe Shields on LinkedIn:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/miyabeshields

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What if carbon is one of the most overlooked inputs in plant nutrition? In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Nik Nikolayev, CEO of Rooted Leaf Agritech, to explore the science of carbon-based fertilizers, plant nutrition, biostimulants, organic acids, and the chemistry behind plant growth, yield, and quality.

Nik breaks down how plants use carbon beyond simply taking up CO₂ from the atmosphere, and why forms of carbon such as acetate and citrate may provide important substrates that can enter plant metabolism. The conversation explores how carbon interacts with NPK nutrition, photosynthesis, energy allocation, nutrient uptake, and secondary metabolism, including the pathways involved in producing cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and sulfur-containing compounds.

They also dive into natural fertilizers and plant-based biostimulants, including kelp, hibiscus, moringa, anthocyanins, humic and fulvic acids, and other botanical inputs. Nik explains the idea behind using medicinal plants and their chemistry in agriculture, how organic acids can interact with minerals, and why the form of a nutrient may matter as much as the nutrient itself.

The conversation also explores the carbon economy of cannabis, trichome metabolism, terpene diversity, rare cannabinoids, sulfur chemistry, nutrient stress, and the challenges of testing compounds that occur at extremely low concentrations. Throughout the episode, Nik emphasizes the importance of connecting theoretical chemistry with practical growing results while acknowledging where the science is still developing.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Meet Nick Nikolaev

01:23 Fermentation Sparks Curiosity

02:19 Microbes Soil and Health

03:27 Medicinal Plants as Inputs

04:58 Biostimulants vs NPK

07:36 Feeding Plants Carbon

10:00 Citric Acid and Chelation

14:44 Extending the Rhizosphere

16:14 Energy Budget and Nitrate

19:01 Results More Terps Cannabinoids

21:19 CO2 The Carbon Lever

25:16 Terpenes vs Cannabinoids Pathways

26:18 Sulfur Thiols and Aroma

31:23 Stress Salts and Organics

33:04 Why Kelp Extracts Work

36:43 Medicinal Plant Inputs

37:52 Anthocyanin Foliar Shield

38:49 Carbon Four Rs Framework

40:17 Feeding Trichome Metabolism

42:07 Terpene Profile Shifts

43:59 Prenylation Chemistry Explained

45:42 Evolution Of Enzyme Promiscuity

48:56 Polyketide Pathway Variants

50:32 Rare Cannabinoids Potential

53:23 Testing Limits And Sulfur Trace

55:21 Bioavailable Carbon Forms

58:14 Bioaccumulation And Detox

01:02:58 Moringa Burn Lesson

01:05:30 Learning Loop And Field Data

01:09:40 Closing Thanks And Wrap

Connect with Nik Nikolayev

Nik Nikolayev

CEO, Rooted Leaf Agritech

Website: https://rootedleaf.com/

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Dr. Riley Kirk has Dr. Denise Valenti on the podcast to discuss cannabis and driving, cannabis impairment, THC testing, and the challenges of determining whether someone is actually too impaired to drive. They explore why THC levels in the body do not necessarily correspond to impairment and how cannabis can affect vision, peripheral vision, contrast sensitivity, eye movement, balance, and pupil response. They also discuss the limitations of current roadside cannabis testing compared with alcohol testing, including the challenges of using blood THC levels, cognitive tests, and field sobriety tests to determine cannabis impairment. Dr. Valenti explains her work developing technology that could combine multiple sensory measurements to identify impairment more accurately. The conversation also explores how dose, tolerance, consumption method, individual differences, medical conditions, and baseline function can influence impairment and why there is no universal rule for how long someone should wait before driving after consuming cannabis. They discuss Drug Recognition Experts, the need for stronger scientific validation and national standards, and the importance of developing impairment-testing technology that is accurate and free from racial bias. Finally, they discuss cannabis and driving research, harm reduction, the challenges of funding cannabis impairment studies, and why controlled, dose-specific research is needed to better understand the relationship between cannabis, impairment, and road safety. Chapters 00:00 Cannabis Driving Question 01:08 Denise Valenti Background 03:57 Vision Loss and Driving Research 05:49 Dopamine Retina Link 07:34 Building Impairment Tests 09:38 Why THC Levels Fail 14:39 Courtroom Ready Tech 17:45 Four Part Roadside Goggle 19:56 Crash Data and Medical Use 23:33 How Long Impairment Lasts 28:41 Microdosing and Self Awareness 34:39 DREs and Legal Standards 37:05 Bias In New Tech 39:19 Glassy Eyes Mystery 39:48 Smell Changes And Munchies 41:46 THC In Tears Study 46:35 Roadside Vs Workplace Testing 48:04 Cannabis Vs Alcohol Risks 50:01 Road Design Harm Reduction 51:40 Road Rage And Crutches 53:31 Grant Funding Reality 56:30 Why This Work Matters 58:11 Health Risks And Research Limits 01:00:24 Final Safety Takeaways 01:01:25 Wrap Up And Next Topics Connect with Dr. Denise Valenti Dr. Denise A. Valenti, OD, FAAO Founder & President, IMMAD LLC Impairment Measurement Marijuana and Driving 🔗 Connect with Denise on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/denise-a-valenti-53b72516/ 🔬 Learn more about IMMAD: www.immadroadside.com IMMAD is focused on the development of objective technologies for identifying marijuana-related impairment, including visual functions relevant to safe driving. Want to Learn More About Cannabis Science? Follow the Bioactive Podcast for more conversations about cannabis science, plant biology, pharmacology, health, and the research shaping our understanding of cannabis. Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Sign Up for Emails! www.AppliedPharmacognosy.org Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ #CannabisAndDriving #CannabisImpairment #THCImpairment #DruggedDriving #ImpairedDriving #CannabisScience #CannabisResearch #THCTesting #CannabisTesting #DrivingSafety

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In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Dr. Rick Pescatore, board-certified emergency physician, Editor-in-Chief of Emergency Medicine News, and founder of BellyMD, for a fascinating deep dive into the gut-brain connection and what it means for cannabis users and patients dealing with unexplained digestive symptoms.

Dr. Pescatore explains how the gut and brain communicate through the vagus nerve, why the gut has been called the “second brain,” and how genetics, diet, gut bacteria, inflammation, and cannabis can all influence this complex system. The conversation also explores cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and why understanding CHS requires looking beyond cannabis alone and considering the broader gut-brain system.

We also get into GLP-1 medications and gut-brain medicine, nausea and vomiting, microbiome health, micronutrient deficiencies, vitamin B1 (thiamine), magnesium, and whether personalized health data could help us better understand why someone feels unwell. Dr. Pescatore shares how emerging tools, including phenomic data, wearable technology, AI, and the Menome platform, could help patients identify patterns that traditional medicine may overlook.

We also discuss cannabis and the gut microbiome, CHS, thiamine deficiency, antibiotics and gut health, personalized medicine, patient autonomy, and the future of gut-brain healthcare.

In this episode, we explore:

- What is the gut-brain axis and how does the gut communicate with the brain?

- Why does the gut have such a major role in neurotransmitters and brain health?

- What does the gut microbiome have to do with anxiety, depression, and other conditions?

- What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), and how does it fit into gut-brain health?

- Could underlying gut-brain dysfunction contribute to cannabis-related symptoms?

- How do GLP-1 medications affect the gut-brain axis?

- What role do vitamin B1, magnesium, and micronutrients play in gut-brain health?

- Can microbiome testing and wearable data help personalize healthcare?

- Could AI help patients better understand their own health?

- What does the future of personalized gut-brain medicine look like?

This is a conversation about cannabis, medicine, the microbiome, nutrition, neuroscience, personalized health, and the emerging science connecting them all.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 CHS Big Picture

01:17 Podcast Welcome

02:18 Meet Dr Pescatore

03:50 Defining Gut Brain Axis

05:50 Second Brain Neurons

06:42 Leaky Gut Explained

07:44 Omics And AI Boom

11:18 GLP1s As Gut Brain Drugs

13:57 GLP1 Risks And Nausea

16:46 Supplements And Diet Basics

18:28 Personalized Testing Options

19:57 Menome Phenomic App

23:46 Digital Biomarker Score

24:56 CHS Telemedicine Pipeline

27:32 Scromiting Dopamine Clue

28:28 What Really Causes CHS

29:14 Dopamine Targeted Treatment

30:06 Genetics And Dopamine Links

31:49 Gut Inflammation Hypersensitivity

32:52 Microbiome And Vitamin Deficits

34:29 Probiotics Versus Supplements

35:54 Thiamine Magnesium Protocol

37:33 Side Effects And Vivid Dreams

40:33 Can Patients Use Again

41:48 FMT And Antibiotic Fallout

43:44 Cannabis Heart Risk Reality

45:34 ER Priorities Psychosis CHS

46:25 Prevention Tips And B1 For All

47:25 Social Media And The App

50:10 Patient Autonomy And Wrap Up

Explore Dr. Rick Pescatore & BellyMD

🌐 Rick Pescatore: https://rickpescatore.com/
🌐 BellyMD: http://belly-md.com/
📱 Menome: http://menome.belly-md.com/

Bioactive Podcast listeners can get 3 months of free access to Menome with code MGBSUB1MO.

🌿 MGB+ Calm: BellyMD MGB+ Calm
Use code RILEY15 for discount.

Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes?

Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning

questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.

www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem

Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into

cannabis science, plant biology, and more!

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https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem

https://instagram.com/cannabichem

https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

Disclaimer: This episode is for educational and informational purposes and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice.

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What actually happened inside the DEA’s cannabis rescheduling hearing? In this timely episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with Max Jackson, former commercial cannabis cultivator and founder of Cannabis Wise Guys, to unpack what he witnessed firsthand at the DEA hearing on moving cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III.

Max spent most of the hearing inside the room, taking handwritten notes because recording and livestreaming were not permitted. As someone who previously managed a commercial cultivation facility with approximately 13,000 flowering cannabis plants, he offers a unique perspective on the arguments being made about cannabis, medical use, public health, research, and the plant itself.

Together, Riley and Max break down who opposed rescheduling, what the government and opposing parties argued, and some of the surprising claims and misconceptions that came up during the proceedings. They discuss the difference between whole-plant cannabis and isolated cannabinoids, the challenges of dosing and medical education, cannabis research limitations, adverse effects, and why the lack of cannabis research is itself connected to decades of Schedule I restrictions.

The conversation also explores what rescheduling to Schedule III could actually mean, what happens next in the process, why the administrative judge does not make the final decision, and why the DEA ultimately holds that decision.

Whether you're a cannabis consumer, home grower, medical professional, researcher, cultivator, cannabis business owner, or simply trying to understand the future of cannabis policy in the United States, this episode gives you an inside look at a hearing most people never had the opportunity to see.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Welcome and Guest Intro

00:40 Max Jackson Background

01:36 Why He Attended Hearing

02:52 Security and Closed Doors

06:46 Who Opposed Rescheduling

08:18 Bias and Expert Framing

10:58 Psychosis and CUD Claims

17:08 IV THC and Syringe Confusion

19:16 Plant vs Single Molecule

23:36 No Medical Use Argument

26:45 Youth Access and Regulation

31:13 Humboldt Crime Fears

33:07 Hearing Strategy Angle

33:57 Drugged Driving Testing

35:50 Tolerance And Impairment

38:30 Research Collaboration Gaps

41:10 Breastfeeding And Postpartum

42:54 ER Harms And Education

45:48 Schedule Logic Debate

51:21 DEA Museum Narrative

54:26 Van Check At DEA

57:49 What Happens Next

59:27 Wrap Up And Resources

Connect with Max Jackson

Cannabis Wise Guys

https://cannabiswiseguys.com/

Cannabis Fact Book

https://thecannabisfactbook.com/

Email: max@cannabiswiseguys.com

IG: www.instagram.com/cannabiswiseguys/

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cannabis science, plant biology, and more!

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In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with cannabis research scientist Ben Cleary to unpack groundbreaking research published in Scientific Reports examining THC variability in cannabis flower and what it means for consumers, cultivators, laboratories, and regulators.

If you've ever wondered why the same strain can feel different from batch to batch—or why chasing the highest THC percentage often leads to disappointment—this conversation explains the science behind it.

Ben shares how his team's research demonstrates the natural variability of THC within a single cannabis plant and why reporting one THC percentage may not accurately represent what consumers actually purchase. Together, Riley and Ben discuss the future of cannabis labeling, range-based THC reporting, lab testing variability, terpene science, chemical diversity, and how better education can improve purchasing decisions and consumer trust.

They also explore why aroma may be a better guide than THC percentage alone, how Canada's cannabis industry is beginning to implement THC ranges, the role of laboratory variation in cannabis testing, and what future cannabis packaging could look like as science continues to evolve.

Whether you're a cannabis consumer, cultivator, scientist, budtender, regulator, or simply curious about how cannabis testing really works, this episode offers an evidence-based look at one of the industry's biggest conversations.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Meet Ben Cleary

01:04 Inside Village Farms

02:56 Why Study THC Variability

07:19 What the Data Shows

10:28 Range Based Labels

14:08 Low Dose Access Debate

16:37 Health Canada Pilot

19:06 Beyond THC Terpenes

22:56 Lighting and Scale Limits

30:31 Sampling Protocol Shortcut

33:23 Lab Testing Variability

35:26 Measured THC Reality

36:56 Quality Metrics Beyond THC

38:56 Industry Adoption Push

40:48 Why Village Farms Did It

43:05 Next Research Frontiers

45:11 Real World Data Approach

46:20 Science Community Stories

49:02 Medical Education Gap

52:50 Chemical Diversity Score Idea

56:15 Simplifying Labels for Consumers

57:39 Where to Follow the Research

59:40 Closing and BC Invite

Read the Scientific Reports paper discussed in this episode:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-06962-2

Connect with Ben Cleary
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ben-cleary-746b00172/

Village Farms International: https://villagefarms.com/

Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes?

Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning

questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.

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cannabis science, plant biology, and more!

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Cannabis seed laws are changing, and the consequences could reshape home grow, hemp, cannabis breeding, and the future of plant genetics in the United States.

In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk sits down with longtime organic farmer, seed breeder, and policy advocate Jim Riddle to explain the proposed federal seed ban, why cannabis seeds are being caught up in new legislation, and what it could mean for growers, breeders, researchers, and consumers.

Drawing from over four decades of experience in organic agriculture and public policy, Jim breaks down how a single sentence in federal legislation could classify cannabis seeds based on the THC content of the parent plant rather than the seed itself. Together, Riley and Jim discuss why many believe this is both scientifically flawed and harmful to innovation, home cultivation, and the broader hemp industry.

The conversation also explores cannabis genetics, landrace preservation, hemp seed regulation, organic farming, home grow rights, the importance of genetic diversity, and practical ways listeners can advocate for keeping seeds legal.

If you care about cannabis science, cultivation, hemp policy, seed preservation, or the future of cannabis genetics, this is an episode you won't want to miss.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Seed Ban Warning 00:51 Jim’s Seed Origin Story 02:23 DEA Ruling and Hemp License 03:17 The One Line That Changes Everything 05:13 ASIGA Lobbying Push 07:14 Why Genetics and Homegrow Matter 09:40 Jim’s Breeding Program 13:17 Hemp’s Bigger Potential 16:15 Minnesota Seed Label Model 18:16 Illicit Market and Business Fallout 22:27 GoFundMe and Fixing Congress 23:22 How to Pressure the Senate 25:08 Deadline November 12 25:55 Hemp Bill Timeline 26:52 Who Controls Genetics 27:45 Gene Editing Patents 29:27 Grassroots Seed Culture 30:36 Breeding With Males 31:50 Art Of Pheno Hunting 34:21 Odds Of Reversal 35:59 Seed Buying And Shipping 39:14 Seed Poem Interlude 41:17 Organic Policy Credentials 44:57 Home Grow And Hemp Future 47:55 Call Your Senators 48:47 Final Thanks And Signoff

Connect with Jim Riddle

🌱 Blue Fruit Farm

https://bluefruitfarm.com/

🌱 Lamb's Breath Seeds

https://www.lambsbreathseeds.com/

🌱 Read the ASIGA White Paper & Support the Campaign

https://asiga.org/

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Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Riley one-on-one.

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🔔 Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more conversations on cannabis science, cultivation, genetics, policy, and plant biology.

📩 Sign up for emails:

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Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk

🌿 Bioactive Podcast

https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/

🌿 YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem

🌿 Instagram

https://instagram.com/cannabichem

🌿 Applied Pharmacognosy

https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

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Cannabis tissue culture, plant genetics, micropropagation, and pathogen testing are transforming modern cultivation. In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Dr. Nathan Johnson, President & CEO of Verne Bio, for a fascinating deep dive into one of the most powerful—and misunderstood—tools in cannabis cultivation.

Together they explore how tissue culture is helping preserve elite cannabis genetics, eliminate plant pathogens, improve cultivation consistency, and solve some of the industry's biggest challenges. Drawing from Dr. Johnson's extensive background in molecular biology, microbiology, bioinformatics, and plant science, the conversation breaks down how tissue culture works, why it's becoming essential for commercial cultivation, and what growers should know before adopting it.

The discussion also examines cannabis testing, microbial contamination, remediation methods, irradiation, and the science behind maintaining healthy plants without sacrificing quality. They unpack how beneficial microbes interact with cannabis, why current testing regulations remain controversial, and the differences between qPCR, culture-based testing, sequencing, and pathogen detection. The episode also explores THC testing variability, why cannabinoid percentages aren't always the best indicator of quality, and how cultivation practices influence the chemistry consumers ultimately experience.

Whether you're a home grower, commercial cultivator, cannabis scientist, breeder, laboratory professional, or simply curious about the future of cannabis science, this episode is packed with practical insights and evidence-based discussion.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Welcome and Topic Setup

01:00 Nathan’s Background and Mission

01:59 Why Mother Plants Decline

03:28 Tissue Culture Origins and Bananas

04:39 Media and Hormones Explained

06:03 Meristem vs Node Methods

07:11 Sterile Lab and Decontamination

09:09 Strain Specific Recipes

12:32 Cleaning Pathogens and Viroids

13:31 Hop Latent Viroid Reality Check

15:57 Biobanking and Longevity

18:32 Gen Zero Vigor Strategy

19:46 Rooting and Hardening Off

22:01 Reintroducing Beneficial Microbes

24:24 Does Tissue Culture Change Chemistry

26:35 Experimentation and In House Testing

28:19 What Verne Bio Actually Does

30:06 Batch Size Reality Check

30:20 Solving Contamination Mysteries

31:07 Why SOPs Matter

32:32 Massachusetts Testing Spotlight

35:18 Setting Safety Thresholds

36:07 Microbial Tests Explained

39:03 Remediation Risks

40:00 Irradiation Tradeoffs

44:16 Sequencing Path to Pass

48:32 qPCR vs Culture Methods

52:42 Sampling Variance Shock

54:39 Rethinking THC Reporting

57:09 Where to Find VernBio

57:54 Final Thanks and Wrap

Connect with Dr. Nathan Johnson

🌱 Verne Bio

https://vernbio.com/

💼 LinkedIn

https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathan-johnson/

📧 Contact

info@vernbio.com

🌿 Thank you to our sponsor, Storz & Bickel!

Storz & Bickel manufactures medical-grade dry herb vaporizers and some of Dr. Riley Kirk's favorite devices for daily use. Visit https://www.storz-bickel.com and use code Riley10 for 10% off most items.

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Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Anna Schwabe to the Bioactive Podcast for a deep dive into cannabis genetics, cultivar identity, plant chemistry, and the challenges of making sense of cannabis in a rapidly evolving industry. As two cannabis scientists get thoroughly nerdy, they explore the relationship between genetics and chemical expression, why cultivar names matter, and what science can and cannot tell us about predicting cannabis effects.

Drawing from years of research in cannabis genomics, chemotypes, and consumer behavior, Anna explains the disconnect between strain names, marketing claims, and actual genetic identity. The conversation examines how genetics, environment, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling influence the final chemistry of a cannabis product, often making consumer expectations difficult to predict.

They also explore the limitations of the indica, sativa, and hybrid framework, discussing why these categories may still serve a purpose for new consumers while highlighting the need for more nuanced approaches to cannabis classification. The discussion dives into terpene science, aroma-based selection, cultivar verification, consumer perception, breeding strategies, and the future of genetic authentication in cannabis.

Additionally, Riley and Anna tackle common industry misconceptions, the importance of preserving cannabis history and culture, and how science can help bridge the gap between growers, consumers, researchers, and retailers. Throughout the episode, they emphasize practical ways consumers can make better decisions while exploring the fascinating complexity of cannabis chemistry and genetics.

Whether you're a grower, breeder, budtender, researcher, medical patient, or curious consumer, this episode offers valuable insights into how cannabis genetics shape the products we use and the experiences we have.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Podcast Crossover Intro

01:38 New Mom Conference Life

02:32 Cannabis on Social Media

03:59 Schedule III Debate

06:36 Pharma Versus Whole Plant

10:08 Synthetic THC And Isomers

12:26 Terpenes And Aroma Complexity

16:51 When More Is Not Better

19:27 Realistic THC And Terp Limits

22:56 Trust Your Nose Shopping

24:47 Why Blue Dream Varies

25:44 Genetics Registration And Terroir

29:23 Consistency Versus Craft Growing

33:12 Craft Cannabis Value

34:25 Does Quality Mean Less

35:48 Savoring Premium Products

38:33 CHS And Overconsumption

42:33 Allergens Terpenes Perfume

45:03 Pregnancy Smell Sensitivity

47:05 Trust Your Nose Shopping

50:44 Beyond Indica Sativa

54:24 Strain Names Still Matter

57:32 Genome Gaps Landraces

59:43 New Compounds Plant Evolution

01:01:24 Overmanipulated Modern Nugs

01:03:16 Potency And Oversized Joints

01:04:42 Right Sizing Your Dose

01:05:46 Type Two Flower Wins

01:06:29 Budtenders Versus Medical Advice

01:08:35 Research Weed Supply Problem

01:12:42 Study Real Dispensary Products

01:14:08 What Consumers Actually Want

01:16:12 True Cut Genetic Verification

01:17:48 IP Protection And Licensing

01:19:05 Finding Medicine By Genetics

01:21:09 Scaling The Sample Universe

01:25:59 AI Guided Breeding Future

01:27:05 Where To Follow And Next Steps

01:27:36 New Work In Houston

01:29:19 Riley Projects And Wrap Up

Connect with Dr. Anna Schwabe:

Website:

www.annaschwabe.com

LinkedIn:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/anna-schwabe-phd/

True Cut Bioscience:

https://www.truecut.co/

Agricultural Genomics Foundation:

https://agriculturalgenomics.org/

MyFlora DNA:

https://myfloradna.com/

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In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Brandon Rust, founder and CEO of FulCrop Sciences, for a fascinating conversation about the hidden biological systems that drive plant health and productivity. Brandon shares insights from years of cultivation experience, explaining how modern growing practices have shifted away from natural ecosystem processes and why rebuilding biological balance may be one of the most important steps for improving plant performance and long-term sustainability.

The discussion explores how microbes, organic matter, mineral interactions, and natural nutrient cycling influence everything from root development to crop resilience and overall plant quality. Brandon also breaks down practical approaches growers can use to better support healthy ecosystems while reducing dependence on heavily synthetic inputs.

They also discuss practical cultivation strategies for home growers and commercial cultivators alike, including compost teas, microbial inoculants, biological crop steering, mineral balancing, and the importance of understanding soil as a dynamic ecosystem rather than an inert growing medium. The discussion further examines the intersection of plant science, sustainability, cannabis cultivation, food systems, and the future of regenerative farming. Throughout the episode, Brandon shares insights into biological fertility, plant stress responses, nutrient cycling, and how healthier soils can ultimately lead to healthier plants and healthier people.

Whether you’re interested in regenerative agriculture, cannabis cultivation, soil science, plant biology, sustainable farming, or microbial ecology, this episode is packed with practical insights and science-backed education.

Chapters:

00:00 Childhood Foster Trauma

01:05 Podcast Intro Guest Setup

02:57 Night Terrors And Meds

06:24 Rebellion Cannabis Awakening

10:39 Hard Living Jail Time

12:18 Finding Family OG Growers

14:41 Electricity Tap First Grow

18:37 Science Mind Organic Shift

27:07 Agronomy Regenerative Basics

33:58 Soil Carbon Microbes Cycles

38:12 Living Soil Vs Mixes Brand

39:31 Choosing The Right Formula

40:54 Fixing Sandy Acidic Soil

41:28 Fulvic Acid Benefits Explained

42:20 Why Synthetic Fertilizer Wastes Energy

44:48 Soil Building And Carbon Nitrogen Ratios

47:03 Sulfur Aminos And Skunky Terps

50:56 Flushing Myths And Ash Color

54:29 Water Quality pH And Soil Tests

56:23 Nutrient Calculator And Data Workflow

58:41 Terroir VPD And Calcium Dynamics

01:04:35 Biological Crop Steering Microbes

01:12:50 Where To Learn More And Final Wrap

Connect with Brandon Rust & FulCrop Sciences

Follow Brandon and FulCrop Sciences for more information on regenerative agriculture, soil biology, microbial systems, and carbon-based fertility:

Instagram: www.instagram.com/brandonrust

TikTok: www.tiktok.com/@fulcropsciences

Podcast: www.youtube.com/@fulcropsciences

Website: FulCrop Sciences

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questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.

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Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Kyle Boyar to the Bioactive Podcast for an in-depth conversation on cannabis testing, mycotoxins, analytical chemistry, biohacking, and the evolving cannabis industry. Drawing from over a decade of experience in cannabis science, Kyle shares insights from his work across leading cannabis testing laboratories, academic institutions, and regulatory spaces. The discussion explores how cannabis testing has evolved over the years, the importance of accurate lab data, and the real-world challenges surrounding contamination, safety standards, and consumer trust.

They also dive into the science of mycotoxins, microbial contamination, heavy metals, and how environmental conditions can impact cannabis quality and safety. The conversation examines the complexities of cannabis regulation, inconsistencies between state testing systems, and the role of analytical chemistry in improving industry standards.

Additionally, they explore cannabis biohacking, cannabinoids, terpenes, creativity, and the relationship between cannabis use and cognitive performance. The dialogue further highlights the importance of scientific literacy within the cannabis industry, education for consumers, and the need for evidence-based discussions around cannabis safety and wellness. Finally, they touch on the future of cannabis science, emerging technologies in testing, and how researchers can help shape a more transparent and informed cannabis landscape.

This is a conversation for anyone interested in cannabis science, product safety, laboratory testing, biohacking, analytical chemistry, and the future of evidence-based cannabis education.

Chapters

00:00 Magnesium and Cortisol Timing

00:46 Meet the Guest Kyle Boyar

02:08 Biohacking

03:47 Daily Supplements and Omega-3 Quality

07:28 How to Vet Supplements

09:47 Caffeine Plus L-Theanine Focus Stack

13:59 Nighttime Calm Magnesium and CBN

21:04 Ashwagandha for Stress and Cortisol

24:31 Hangover Defense DHM and NAC

28:47 ECS Supplements PEA and OEA Reality Check

31:22 Cannabis Mycotoxins Testing Basics

32:54 Why Mycotoxin Failures Are Rare

34:32 Fusarium Focus and Field PCR

35:47 LAMP Contamination Reality

36:25 Fusarium Mycotoxins Explained

37:47 Extracts and CBD Findings

39:49 New Studies and Blind Spots

43:06 Ten State Compliance Data

44:24 Remediation Limits and DNA

50:21 Fixing Testing Trust Issues

53:10 THC Dopamine Basics

55:58 Creativity Dose Sweet Spot

01:00:28 Addiction Tolerance and Vapes

01:02:29 Schizophrenia Risk Mechanisms

01:04:04 Thalamus Filter and Reality

01:06:56 Heart Risks and Wrap Up

Connect with Kyle Boyar

Follow Kyle’s work in cannabis science, analytical chemistry, and education through his speaking engagements, scientific organizations, and industry collaborations.

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kyleboyar

IG: https://www.instagram.com/canna_kybo

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cannabis science, plant biology, and more!

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Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Tessa Dattilo to the Bioactive Podcast to break down what it really means to be a budtender and how cannabis education translates to real-world consumer experiences. With nearly a decade in the cannabis industry, Tessa shares insights from the frontlines—helping patients and customers navigate products, understand cannabinoids and terpenes, and make informed decisions in an increasingly complex market.

They explore the science behind how different cannabis products affect the body, including why edibles feel different from inhaled cannabis, how tolerance develops, and why product quality and sourcing matter. The conversation dives into red flags consumers should watch for when selecting products, from over-marketed “themed” items to inconsistencies in labeling and formulation. They also discuss the role of budtenders as educators, the gaps in industry training, and how consumers can advocate for themselves inside dispensaries.

Additionally, they examine differences in state regulations, product availability, and how legislation shapes what ends up on dispensary shelves. Tessa shares practical advice for aspiring budtenders, key foundational knowledge to focus on, and how real patient interactions—from chronic pain to end-of-life care—highlight the importance of accessible, accurate cannabis education. The episode also touches on tolerance, product sampling, craft vs large-scale cannabis brands, and the importance of curiosity when navigating cannabis use.

This is a conversation for anyone who wants to better understand cannabis from both a scientific and real-world perspective—whether you’re a consumer, patient, or working within the industry.

CHAPTERS:

00:00 Too Strong Too Soon

01:22 Meet Tessa 420

02:06 From Cali to Illinois

04:01 Dispensary Education Gaps

06:02 Terpenes Rules and Misinformation

25:00 Budtender Life and Medical Use

30:24 Distillate Value Debate

31:55 Edibles Take Over

32:59 Drinks and Powder Buzz

35:51 Delta-8 Sickness and DIY Flower

38:12 Red Flags and Illinois Weirdness

47:14 Budtender Training and Farewell

Follow Tessa Dattilo on Tiktok

https://www.tiktok.com/@tessa420_

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Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk

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https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

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On this episode, Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Emily Gogol to the Bioactive Podcast to discuss the science, cultivation, and accessibility of cannabis from both a research and real-world growing perspective. Drawing from her background in biomedical science and her work leading Infinite Tree and Grow It From Home, Emily shares her journey from infectious disease research into cannabis farming, and how she applies data-driven methods to breeding, field trials, and terpene selection. They explore the process of developing stable, uniform cannabis genetics, the role of sensory evaluation (“the nose”) in selecting cultivars, and the importance of simplifying cannabis cultivation for home growers.

The conversation also dives into practical growing techniques, including seed starting, drying and curing methods, and how to assess plant health and readiness. They discuss common challenges growers face, from germination myths and hermaphrodite stress to the differences between indoor and outdoor genetics. Additionally, they explore the evolving landscape of cannabis access, including home growing, seed distribution, and the impact of hemp regulations on small businesses and patients. The dialogue further highlights DIY approaches to cannabis as medicine, cannabinoid differences such as CBD, THC, and CBG, and the importance of education in empowering growers. Finally, they touch on the broader vision of making cannabis cultivation more approachable, sustainable, and accessible to communities nationwide.

This is a conversation for anyone who wants to better understand the science behind cannabis cultivation, explore practical growing techniques, and gain the confidence to approach cannabis as both a plant and a tool for self-sufficiency.

Chapters

00:00 Cannabis Is Just A Plant

00:53 Meet Dr Emily Gogol

02:45 From Infectious Disease To Farming

06:30 Starting The Oregon Farm

07:59 Recreating Sour Pineapple

12:50 Breeding For Uniformity

16:18 Field Trials And Data Systems

19:33 Terpene Selection And The Nose

25:52 Home Growers And Shipping Seeds

30:11 Simple Seed Starting Rules

32:16 Why Cannabis Feels Hard

37:58 Drying And Curing Basics

41:08 Vertical Basket Drying

41:55 Fast Dry Terpene Logic

42:28 How to Check Dryness

43:04 DIY Hang Dry Setups

44:19 Cannabis Is Just a Plant

47:12 Why Homegrow Wins

48:27 Outdoor vs Indoor Genetics

51:02 Hermaphrodite Stress Signs

52:58 Best Cultivars for Maine

55:44 Labeling Your Plants

56:45 CBD THC CBG Differences

01:03:08 Hemp Ban Business Impact

01:08:45 DIY Medicine and Scales

01:10:35 Where to Find Grow It From Home

01:12:40 THCA No Heat Tinctures

01:16:13 Seed Germination Myths

01:19:27 Packaging and Farewell

Learn More / Resources

Grow It From Home

https://growitfromhome.com/

Want Exclusive Content and Ad-Free Episodes?

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On this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Dr. Codi Peterson and Megan Mbengue to discuss their newly published paper on Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS). Drawing from their recently published research and clinical experience, they explore what CHS is, how it presents, and why it is often misunderstood or misdiagnosed. The conversation covers early warning signs, the prodromal phase, and the severe symptoms patients experience, including the challenges faced in emergency care settings. They also address common misconceptions around cannabis use patterns, frequency, and the role of THC in the development of CHS.

They discuss key factors influencing CHS, including consumption methods such as vaping versus flower, rapid THC absorption, tolerance, and the impact of high-potency products. The discussion explores myths around pesticides, synthetic cannabinoids, and the importance of distinguishing correlation from causation in cannabis-related health outcomes. Additionally, they examine strategies for reducing risk, including tolerance breaks, balanced use, and patient education without stigma. The dialogue further highlights the importance of compassionate care, proper diagnosis, and the role of healthcare professionals in bridging the gap between cannabis use and medical understanding. Finally, they touch on future research directions, the importance of data collection, and how education can shape safer, more informed cannabis use.

This is a conversation for anyone using cannabis regularly, healthcare professionals seeking to better understand CHS, or patients navigating unexplained symptoms. Whether you're exploring cannabis for wellness or working in clinical settings, this episode provides critical insight into responsible use, early warning signs, and the evolving science behind cannabis-related health outcomes.

Chapters

00:00 CHS Is Real

00:58 Welcome And Guests

01:43 Publishing The Study

03:47 What Is CHS

05:04 ER Reality Check

06:17 Scromiting And Severity

09:16 Survey Size And Reach

10:48 Vapes Versus Flower

11:42 Use Patterns And Myths

15:55 Prodrome Phase Warning

18:13 Triggers And Cutting Down

23:41 Is THC The Culprit

26:06 Why Vapes Hit Faster

27:56 Vaping And THC Spikes

29:22 Pesticides Myth Busting

31:57 Tolerance Breaks And Balance

34:08 CHS Education Not Stigma

36:45 ER Diagnosis And Overdiagnosis

38:55 Who Gets CHS Demographics

41:22 Early Warning Signs

43:28 Synthetic Cannabinoid Risks

45:37 Whole Plant Over Isolates

50:02 Future Papers And Next Steps

51:57 Compassion And Closing

Read the Research on CHS

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Publication:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/25785125261421434?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Note: This publication is currently behind a paywall but will be available for free on Patreon.

Sponsor

Thank you to our sponsor Storz & Bickel! S&B makes medical-grade dry herb vaporizers which are some of my favorite products to use daily. If you want to check them out, head to storz-bickel.com and use code Riley10 for 10% off most items!

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Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Nikki Lawley to the podcast to discuss the transformative role of medical cannabis in managing traumatic brain injury (TBI), sharing her powerful personal journey alongside practical insights into cannabis as medicine. They cover topics such as the immediate and long-term symptoms of TBI, the challenges of navigating traditional healthcare systems, and the limitations of pharmaceutical treatments. Additionally, they explore how cannabis became a turning point in Nikki’s recovery, the barriers to access in the United States, and the stigma patients face when seeking alternative therapies. The discussion emphasizes patient-centered care, the importance of advocacy, and the growing role of cannabis in treating neurological conditions.

They also delve into various aspects of cannabis science and personalized medicine, including cannabinoid therapy, terpene profiles, and the use of data tracking tools like Strainprint to optimize treatment outcomes. They discuss the significance of consistency in dosing, the effects of aged cannabis and CBN, and the role of terpene boiling points in consumption methods. The conversation further explores different delivery systems such as vaping and inhalation, how cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system, and the importance of experimentation in finding effective protocols. Finally, they touch on cannabis policy, patient advocacy, and the critical role of storytelling in advancing legalization and improving access for patients worldwide.

This is a conversation for anyone navigating chronic illness, traumatic brain injury, or exploring cannabis as a potential therapeutic option. Whether you're a patient, caregiver, healthcare professional, or simply curious about the science of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, this episode provides valuable insights into how cannabis can be used intentionally to support healing and improve quality of life.

Chapters

00:00 TBI Changed Everything
01:34 Podcast Intro And Mission
02:37 The Headbutt Incident
05:10 Symptoms Hit Fast
06:48 Pharma Spiral And Workers Comp
10:49 Vegas Breakdown And Billboard Sign
16:44 First Cannabis Relief
19:40 Back Home Stigma And Barriers
23:18 Medical Cannabis Refuge In Canada
25:00 Strainprint Data And Terpene Tracking
29:32 Canada Trips And Building A Routine
31:33 Aged Flower and CBN
32:23 Terpene Boiling Points
33:24 L Orange Strain Deep Dive
35:33 Growing Pains and Pests
37:26 CB2 Targets and Nose Testing
39:13 Vapes Metabolism and ECS Tests
42:08 Myrcene Blue Lobster Effects
43:48 Cannabis vs Pills After TBI
49:07 Advocacy and Policy Reality
53:12 Consumption Methods and Work
56:50 Wrap Up and Where to Find

Connect with Nikki Lawley

Follow Nikki Lawley for insights on medical cannabis, traumatic brain injury (TBI), patient advocacy, and cannabinoid education:

Website: nikkiandtheplant.org
Instagram and Facebook: @nikkiandtheplant
LinkedIn: Nikki Lawley

Want Exclusive Content and Ad-Free Episodes?

Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.
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YouTube: Cannabichem
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There are all sorts of misconceptions about coffee — that it dehydrates you, that it’s bad for your heart, or that caffeine is the only thing happening in the cup. Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes coffee scientist Dr. Steven Helschien, widely known as “Dr. Coffee,” for a fascinating conversation exploring the chemistry, health effects, and cultural significance of one of the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive plants: coffee. With a background in chemistry and extensive experience in coffee education and research, Dr. Helschien breaks down the complex science behind coffee in a way that is both practical and accessible. They discuss coffee as a psychoactive plant medicine, examining not only caffeine but also the wide range of entourage compounds that influence its physiological and cognitive effects. Dr. Helschien and Dr. Kirk explore coffee’s relationship with inflammation, liver health, and cardiovascular markers, unpacking what current research suggests about coffee consumption and long-term wellness. They also explore the importance of coffee quality, including concerns about mold contamination, sourcing practices, and what consumers should look for when choosing high-quality beans. The conversation touches on brewing techniques and the science of extraction, the chemistry behind decaffeination methods, and why caffeine affects the body the way it does. The episode also expands into broader discussions about coffee as plant medicine, the cultural role of caffeine, and the fine line between daily ritual and dependence. Dr. Helschien shares insights into mold-free coffee sourcing, considerations around caffeine and breastfeeding, and practical strategies like caffeine cycling to maintain sensitivity to its effects. This is a conversation for anyone who loves coffee but wants to understand what’s really happening in the cup. Whether you're curious about caffeine’s effects, confused by common coffee myths, exploring brewing methods, or simply trying to get more out of your daily ritual, this episode offers science-backed insight in an accessible way. From the chemistry of flavor and roasting to the physiology of caffeine and the cultural habits surrounding coffee, Dr. Helschien helps demystify one of the world’s most widely consumed beverages. Episode Chapters: 01:02 Meet Dr Coffee 02:08 Psychoactive Plant 03:04 Entourage Compounds 06:04 Inflammation And Liver 08:19 Quality And Mold 10:13 Brain Heart Plaque 23:43 Brewing And Decaf 35:43 Decaf Methods Explained 36:49 Why Caffeine Works 38:36 Coffee as Plant Medicine 39:39 Coffee Addiction and Culture 43:12 Mold Free Coffee Buying 45:49 Breastfeeding and Caffeine 47:20 Caffeine Cycling Hack 59:15 Community Q&A and Wrap Up Get Free Coffee Science Resource from Dr. Helschien: Doc@myhealthypatient.com Connect with Dr. Helschien: LinkedIn - Dr. Steven Helschien Want Exclusive Content and Ad-Free Episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, pharmacology, and plant-based medicine! Sign Up for Emails www.AppliedPharmacognosy.org Keep Up with Dr. Riley Kirk https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

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Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Harold Han, Chief Science Officer and Co-Founder of Vertosa to explore the fascinating world of the science powering modern cannabis beverages and infused products. Known in the industry as “The Happy Chemist,” Dr. Han explains how emulsion technology solves the classic oil-and-water problem that makes cannabinoids difficult to incorporate into drinks. The conversation breaks down how water-compatible cannabinoids are created, why droplet size and consistency matter for potency and onset, and how stability challenges differ between beverages and gummies.

They explore oxidation rates of major cannabinoids, packaging risks like “scalping” from can liners, and new patented approaches to preserving potencyin infused drinks.

They also examine the full beverage development pipeline, from cannabinoids and infusion technology to formulation, manufacturing, testing, and distribution, highlighting the many points where potency and quality can be affected. Dr. Han clarifies the difference between nano and micro emulsions, why most commercial cannabis drinks use nano systems, and how natural emulsifiers influence formulation choices. The discussion further explores how the human body processes emulsified cannabinoids, why food (especially fat) changes edible effects, and how fast-acting beverages work at a physiological level. They discuss new human research initiatives, patient applications such as consistent dosing without sugar or smoke, and how standardized emulsions could transform both clinical research and at-home use.

Looking ahead, Dr. Han shares insights on full-plant formulations, the future of cannabis as a precise delivery system for medicine, and the role of science-driven innovation in making cannabinoids more accessible, consistent, and scalable across recreational, wellness, and medical markets.

Chapters

00:00 Welcome + Meet Dr. Harold Hahn (“Happy Chemist”) & What Vert Does

00:52 From Cannabis Stigma to Conscious Living: Harold’s Personal Journey

02:18 The Oil-and-Water Problem: Emulsifiers Explained for Cannabis Drinks

04:13 Vert’s Water-Compatible Cannabinoids: Droplet Size, Consistency & Effects

09:48 Stability Deep Dive: Physical Separation, Oxidation Rates & Gummies vs Beverages

16:05 Packaging Pitfalls: Can Liners, “Scalping,” FTIR Testing & a New Patent Fix

22:49 Beverage R&D Checklist: The 7-Step Supply Chain + Taste/Mouthfeel Priorities

27:16 Flavor Wars: Tasteless THC vs “Tastes Like the Plant”

28:37 Nano vs Micro Emulsions Explained (It’s Not Just Size)

31:40 Why Most Cannabis Drinks Use Nano: Natural Emulsifiers & Custom Control

34:38 Fast-Acting vs Slow-Acting: What Your Gut Does With Emulsions

37:41 Food Effects + The New UCSF Cannabis Beverage PK Lab

40:32 Patient Benefits: Consistent Dosing, No Sugar, Full-Plant Medicine

44:23 Research, DIY Possibilities & Big-Picture Wrap-Up

Connect with Dr. Harold Han

LinkedIn: Harold Han Ph.D. (The Happy Chemist)

Company: Vertosa — https://vertosa.com/

Want Exclusive Content and Ad-Free Episodes?

Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.
http://www.patreon.com/Cannabichem

🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, pharmacology, and industry innovation!

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https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/
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https://instagram.com/cannabichem
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In this episode of the Bioactive Podcast, Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes cannabis attorney and legalization advocate Tom Howard to unpack the complexities of cannabis law and regulation in the United States. Drawing on more than 15 years of experience, Tom shares how he helps clients navigate licensing and application processes for dispensaries and cannabis businesses across multiple states. Together, they explore how state-by-state regulatory systems function, the challenges of securing permits, and the financial barriers facing cannabis entrepreneurs, particularly social equity applicants.

The conversation also examines the federal effort to move cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, discussing what rescheduling could mean for taxation, scientific research, and cannabis operations nationwide. Additional topics include the recent hemp ban and its impact on THCA products, seed sales, and interstate commerce, ongoing banking challenges in the cannabis industry, advocacy organizations pushing for reform, and legal strategies for remaining compliant in a shifting regulatory environment. Tom also offers insight into his work with Cannabis Legalization News before the episode closes with a forward-looking discussion on the future of legalization and cannabis policy.

Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to the Bioactive Podcast

00:36 Tom Howard's Journey in Cannabis Law

01:17 Navigating State Regulations and Applications

03:46 Challenges and Legal Complexities

06:24 Financial Hurdles in the Cannabis Industry

15:13 The Impact of Federal Law and Rescheduling

30:27 Advocacy and Future of Cannabis Legislation

34:17 THCA and Synthetic Cannabinoids Ban

34:41 Congressional Actions and Implications

37:14 Banking Challenges for Cannabis Businesses

38:53 Project 2025 and Political Climate

40:22 Hemp Industry Loopholes and Regulations

51:33 Cannabis Legalization News and Podcast

55:17 Future of Cannabis Legislation

Watch Cannabis Legalization News
http://www.youtube.com/@CannabisLegalizationNews

Learn more about Thomas Howard
https://cannabisindustrylawyer.com

Visit Collateral Base
https://collateralbase.com

Connect with Tom

http://www.linkedin.com/in/thomas-howard-attorney

Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes?

Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. http://www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem

Be sure to like, subscribe, and turn on notifications for more expert conversations on cannabis science, federal policy updates, and industry trends.

Sign Up for Emails!

http://www.AppliedPharmacognosy.org

Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk:

https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/

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https://instagram.com/cannabichem

https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/

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